Although LRC presented perioperative benefits compared to ORC, the results were better after the implementation of an ERAS protocol. ERAS protocol had stronger impact on recovery than the surgical approach of the procedure. Although LRC presented perioperative benefits compared to ORC, the results were better after the implementation of an ERAS protocol. ERAS protocol had stronger impact on recovery than the surgical approach of the procedure.Immunorelevant genes are among the most probable modulators of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) progression and prognosis. However, in the few months of the pandemic, data generated on host genetics has been scarce. The present study retrieved data sets of HLA-B alleles, KIR genes and functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cytokines related to COVID-19 cytokine storm from two publicly available databases Allele Frequency Net Database and Ensembl, and correlated these frequency data with Case Fatality Rate (CFR) and Daily Death Rates (DDR) across countries. Correlations of eight HLA-B alleles and polymorphisms in three cytokine genes (IL6, IL10, and IL12B) were observed and were mainly associated with DDR. Additionally, HLA-B correlations suggest that differences in allele affinities to SARS-CoV-2 peptides are also associated with DDR. These results may provide rationale for future host genetic marker surveys on COVID-19. Sustained efforts in high-income countries have decreased the rate of unnecessary computed tomography (CT) among children, aiming to minimize radiation exposure. There are little data regarding CT use for pediatric trauma in low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to assess the pattern and utility of CT performed during evaluation of trauma patients presenting to a middle-income country (MIC) trauma center. We reviewed pediatric (age<18) trauma admissions at a single tertiary referral center in South Africa. Patient demographics, injury details, surgical intervention(s), and mortality were abstracted from the medical record. CT indications, results, and necessity were determined by review. Of 1,630 children admitted to the trauma center, 826 (51%) had CT imaging. Children undergoing imaging were younger (median age 11 [IQR 6, 16] vs 13 [IQR 7, 17]) and had higher median ISS [9 [IQR 4, 13] vs 4 [2, 9]) compared to those without imaging (both p<0.001). Overall, 1,224 scans were performed with normal findings in 609 (50%). A median of 1 scan was performed per patient (range 1-5). The most common location was CT head (n=695, 57%). Among patients with positive findings on CT head (n=443), 31 (7%) underwent either intracranial pressure monitoring or surgery. CT of the cervical spine had positive findings in 12 (7%) with no patients undergoing spine surgery. Of 173 patients with abdominal CT imaging, 83 (48%) had abnormal findings and 18 (10%) required operative exploration. Thirteen (16%) patients with abnormal findings on abdominal CT had exploratory laparotomy. Of 111 children undergoing whole body CT, 8 (7%) underwent thoracic and/or abdominal operations. Use of CT during evaluation of pediatric trauma is common in an MIC center. A high rate of normal findings and low rates of intervention following head, cervical spine, and abdominal CT suggest potential overuse of this resource. Level III. Level III. Slipping rib syndrome (SRS) is a challenging and underdiagnosed condition. We previously demonstrated the efficacy of costal cartilage resection for SRS and now report long-term follow-up of our updated cohort. Retrospective chart review with prospective telephone follow-up was performed for 30 previously analyzed patients and 22 new patients to elucidate risk factors for recurrence, discuss preoperative experience, current symptoms, postoperative course, and satisfaction. From 2006-2020, 49 patients met inclusion criteria and underwent 67 operations. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/plumbagin.html Eleven underwent re-operation for recurrence, with median time of 1.6 years [1.2, 2.6]. Median age of symptom onset was 13 years [11,14] while median age at diagnosis was 15.4 years [14, 16.7]. 29/49 (59%) patients were contacted, with median follow-up of 4.5 years [2.1, 5.7]. Twenty-one patients (72%) reported complete cure, 20 (69%) reported satisfaction 10/10, with 83% rating their satisfaction >7/10. Eleven patients (38%) were offered opioids for pain control prior to surgical evaluation. Patients with recurrence had residual or fused cartilage, hypermobile bony ribs, or both, at re-excision. Costal cartilage resection is an effective treatment for SRS with high satisfaction rates and an appropriate consideration for patients who fail conservative management. Level IV; Case series with no comparison groups. Level IV; Case series with no comparison groups. The current study aimed to identify histological prognostic factors after resection of locally advanced (LA) and borderline (BL) pancreatic adenocarcinomas treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC). A retrospective review was performed of patients with LA and BL adenocarcinomas operated after NC between January 2010 and April 2018. Prognostic factors for survival were assessed by multivariate Cox analysis. Of the 84 patients, 29 had BL and 55 had LA pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Seventy-five patients underwent synchronous venous resection and 57 underwent arterial resection. The median overall survival from surgery was 21.10 months (BL 23-LA 21) (95% CI 14.8-30.3) with 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates of 73%, 32%, and 20%, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified lymphovascular invasion (LVI) as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (HR 2.32, 95% CI 1.28-4.22; p=0.004). Patients without LVI (n=37) had superior median overall and 5-year survival rates (31.0 months [40 from diagnosis]; 39%) compared to patients with LVI (n=47; 14.4 months [22 from diagnosis]; 7%). The absence of residual LVI was associated with major pathologic response rates (p<0.05). The persistence of LVI at pathology after resection of LA and BL treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy predicts poor response and limited long-term survival. The persistence of LVI at pathology after resection of LA and BL treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy predicts poor response and limited long-term survival.