Various subgroups can be defined based on clinical features. To evaluate the effect of body position on intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement in the pediatric age group. Children whose general condition was healthy and ophthalmic examination was within normal limits were included. Forty-nine eyes of 49 pediatric patients were included in the study. IOP was measured with an ICARE rebound tonometer (ICARE PRO; ICARE, Helsinki, Finland) while patients were in standing, sitting, and supine positions. Differences between the consecutive measurements were compared statistically. Twenty-two of the 49 patients were female, 27 were male. The mean age was 9.61±2.66 (5-15) years. Mean IOP values in the standing, sitting, and supine positions were 18.81±2.97 (11.6-26.2) mmHg, 18.88±3.44, (12-28.2) mmHg, and 19.01±2.8 (13.5-25.9) mmHg, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in pairwise comparisons of the measurements taken in the different positions (p=0.846, p=0.751, p=0.606). There was a statistically significant correlation between corneal thickness and intraocular pressure values in all measurements (p=0.001, r=0.516). IOP values measured with the ICARE rebound tonometer in healthy children are not affected by body position. IOP values measured with the ICARE rebound tonometer in healthy children are not affected by body position. To investigate the agreement between optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-based angiography (OCT-A) in estimating retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) and evaluate the associations between peripapillary vessel density (VD) and RNFLT measurements obtained with both devices. The AngioVue (Optovue Inc., Fremont, CA, USA) and Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) images of 325 patients were screened retrospectively. RNFLT values were recorded using both devices. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/marimastat.html The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots were obtained to investigate the agreement between the devices. Age- and intraocular pressure-corrected associations between VD and RNFLT measured by the two devices were analyzed using linear regression models. ICC revealed excellent agreement for global, superior, inferior, and temporal RNFLT and good agreement for the nasal quadrant (ICC=0.895, 0.936, 0.923, 0.887, and 0.614, respectively). The Bland-Altman plots showed poor agreement for all measurements with a large span of limits of agreement and significant proportional bias (p<0.05). VD was found to be strongly associated with the RNFLT measurements of both devices (p<0.001). The disagreement between the devices should be considered in clinical practice, and the data should not be used interchangeably. The association of the peripapillary VD with RNFLT using both devices indicated that RNFLT assessed by the AngioVue could be used in glaucoma management along with VD. The disagreement between the devices should be considered in clinical practice, and the data should not be used interchangeably. The association of the peripapillary VD with RNFLT using both devices indicated that RNFLT assessed by the AngioVue could be used in glaucoma management along with VD. Topical application of fluoroquinolone antibiotics is thought to be as effective as fortified antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of fluoroquinolones as an alternative to fortified antibiotic therapies. The medical records of 31 patients who were hospitalized in our department due to bacterial keratitis were retrospectively reviewed. Fluoroquinolone was started as the first treatment for 20 (64.5%) patients and upon no response fortified antibiotic was initiated, and 11 (35.5%) patients were started with fortified treatment. Cultures and smears were recorded before treatment. Lesions were evaluated as superficial or deep according to their depth. Treatment response was evaluated based on reduction of infiltrate depth and size, change in visual acuity, and regression of hypopyon. Central, paracentral, and peripheral location were detected in 9 (29.0%), 10 (32.2%) and 12 (38.7%) eyes, respectively. According to lesion depth, 15 (48.3%) were deep and 16 (51.6%) were superficial. Response of superficial lesions was found to be statistically earlier (p=0.037). Culture was positive in 9 (29.0%) eyes. The initial best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.5±0.7 logMAR (-0.1-2.3) and 0.3±0.3 logMAR (-0.1-0.9) after treatment. Treatment response showed moderate but statistically nonsignificant correlation with time to treatment initiation and initial BCVA (r=0.527, p=0.184; r=0.517, p=0.120). Although fluoroquinolones are the first choice for the treatment of bacterial keratitis, fortified antibiotics have been shown to be effective in patients who do not respond to treatment. Fortified therapy should be kept in mind in the treatment of bacterial keratitis. Although fluoroquinolones are the first choice for the treatment of bacterial keratitis, fortified antibiotics have been shown to be effective in patients who do not respond to treatment. Fortified therapy should be kept in mind in the treatment of bacterial keratitis.Background In advanced HIV, significant mortality occurs soon after starting antiretroviral treatment (ART) in low- and middle-incomes countries. Calprotectin is a biomarker of innate response to infection and inflammatory conditions. We examined the association between plasma calprotectin collected before ART treatment and mortality among individuals with advanced HIV. Methods We conducted a pilot case-cohort study among HIV infected adults and adolescents over 13 years old with CD4+ less then 100/mm3 at ART initiation at two Kenyan sites. Participants received three factorial randomised interventions in addition to ART within the REALITY trial (ISRCTN43622374). Calprotectin collected at baseline (before ART) and after 4 weeks of treatment was measured in archived plasma of those who died within 24 weeks (cases) and randomly selected participants who survived (non-cases). Association with mortality was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models with inverse sampling probability weights and adjusted for age, sex, site, BMI, viral load, randomised treatments, and clustered by CD4+ count (0-24, 25-49, and 50-99 cells/mm3).