0 ± 3.0 and 4.8 ± 3.3, respectively, both P  less then  .005). FMD% improved significantly from eight weeks to one year after PTX, mean 7.9 ± 4.2% vs 11.8 ± 4.8% (N = 9; P = .03). CONCLUSION Flow-mediated dilatation is well preserved in patients undergoing pancreas transplantation and is not impaired when immunosuppressive drugs are introduced. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.AIM Building strategies for the country-level dissemination of Kangaroo mother care (KMC) to reduce the mortality rate in preterm and low birth weight babies and improve quality of life. KMC is an evidence-based healthcare method for these infants. However, KMC implementation at the global level remains low. METHODS The international network in Kangaroo mother brought 172 KMC professionals from 33 countries together for a 2-day workshop held in conjunction with the XIIth International KMC Conference in Bogota, Colombia, in November 2018. Participants worked in clusters to formulate strategies for country-level dissemination and scale-up according to seven pre-established objectives. RESULTS The minimum set of indicators for KMC scale-up proposed by the internationally diverse groups is presented. The strategies for KMC integration and implementation at the country level, as well as the approaches for convincing healthcare providers of the safety of KMC transportation, are also described. Finally, the main aspects concerning KMC follow-up and KMC for term infants are presented. CONCLUSION In this collaborative meeting, participants from low-, middle- and high-income countries combined their knowledge and experience to identify the best strategies to implement KMC at a countrywide scale. © 2020 The Authors. Acta Paediatrica published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Foundation Acta Paediatrica.Chemical warfare nerve agent exposure leads to status epilepticus that may progress to epileptogenesis and severe brain pathology when benzodiazepine treatment is delayed. We evaluated the dose-response effects of delayed midazolam (MDZ) on toxicity induced by soman (GD) in the plasma carboxylesterase knockout (Es1-/- ) mouse, which, similar to humans, lacks plasma carboxylesterase. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/apo866-fk866.html Initially, we compared the median lethal dose (LD50 ) of GD exposure in female Es1-/- mice across estrous with male mice and observed a greater LD50 during estrus compared with proestrus or with males. Subsequently, male and female GD-exposed Es1-/- mice treated with a dose range of MDZ 40 min after seizure onset were evaluated for survivability, seizure activity, and epileptogenesis. GD-induced neuronal loss and microglial activation were evaluated 2 weeks after exposure. Similar to our previous observations in rats, delayed treatment with MDZ dose-dependently increased survival and reduced seizure severity in GD-exposed mice, but was unable to prevent epileptogenesis, neuronal loss, or gliosis. These results suggest that MDZ is beneficial against GD exposure, even when treatment is delayed, but that adjunct therapies to enhance protection need to be identified. The Es1-/- mouse GD exposure model may be useful to screen for improved medical countermeasures against nerve agent exposure. Published 2020. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.AIMS Driven by the literature on pluralistic ignorance, our research investigates fear of appearing racist, being rejected, discriminated, and disinterest in intergroup contact as antecedents of contact and outgroup attitudes, focusing on attributional differences between the majority and minority group perspectives. METHODS Questionnaires were distributed in schools in Northern Italy. Participants were 400 Italian and 141 immigrant high-school students. RESULTS The results showed that the lack of interest in contact was the strongest predictor of contact for the majority group. For the minority group, fear of rejection emerged as the strongest predictor. The majority group attributed the minority to avoid contact most strongly due to the fear that they would be rejected, and the minority group perceived it was due to the majority not being interested in contact. CONCLUSION Our research contributes to understanding the divergent concerns the majority and minority groups have in relation to intergroup contact and discusses the importance of tackling these concerns. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Present study deals with evaluation of antibacterial activity of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol against both extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and quinolone resistant (QR) (ESBL-QR) pathogenic Enterobactericeae along with determination of its in vivo toxicity level in a murine model to investigate their pharmacological potential. Broth microdilution assay was used to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of cinnamaldehyde (CIN), eugenol (EG) and traditional antibiotics against ESBL-QR Enterobactericeae. Sub-acute oral toxicity study (14 days) was carried out in Swiss albino mice to evaluate any toxicological and behavioural effect viz novelty suppressed feeding (NSF), novel object recognition (NOR), tail suspension test (TST) and social interaction test of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol. Cinnamaldehyde and eugenol demonstrated mode-MIC of 7.28 and 7.34 μg/mL among maximum numbers of Escherichia coli (32.1%) and 0.91 and 3.67 μg/mL among maximum numbers of Klebsiella  pneumoniae (24.2%) isolates, respectively. For haematological and toxicological analyses, after 14 days of oral administration of cinnamaldehyde (0.91-10 mg/kg) and eugenol (7.34-70 mg/kg), blood was collected from the murine model, while histological examinations were performed on liver and kidney. There was no alteration in food and water intake among treated animals. Toxicological and behavioural studies displayed good safety profiles of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol. The results indicated potential antibacterial efficacy of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol against pathogenic ESBL-QR Enterobacteriaceae, without any significant toxicological and behavioural effects. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.