Factory-impregnated clothing significantly reduced tick bites by 65% in the first study year and by 50% in the second year for a 2-yr protective effect of 58%. No significant difference in other tick bite prevention method utilization occurred between treatment and control groups, and no treatment-related adverse outcomes were reported. Factory permethrin impregnation of clothing is safe and effective for the prevention of tick bites among outdoor workers whose primary exposure is to blacklegged ticks in the northeastern United States. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America.All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.Adoption of rice varieties that perform well under high iron-associated (HIA) stress environments can enhance rice production in West Africa (WA). This study reports the genetic characterization of 323 rice accessions and breeding lines cultivated in WA using Genotyping-by-Sequencing and their phenotypic response to HIA treatments in hydroponic solution (1500 mg L-1 FeSO4.7H2O) and hot-spot fields. The germplasm consisted of four genetic subpopulations O. glaberrima (14%), O. sativa-japonica (7%), O. sativa-indica Group 1 (45%) and O. sativa-indica Group 2 (25%). Severe versus mild stress in the field was associated with reduced SPAD value (12%), biomass (56%) and grain yield (57%), with leaf bronzing explaining 30% and 21% of the variation for biomass and grain yield, respectively. Association mapping using 175 indica genotypes identified 23 significant single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers that mapped to 14 genomic-regions. GWAS-signals associated with leaf bronzing, a routinely-used indicator of HIA stress, differed in hydroponic compared to field conditions. Contrastingly, six significant SNPs on chromosomes 8 and 9 were associated with SPAD value under HIA stress in both field and hydroponic experiments, and a candidate potassium transporter gene mapped under the peak on chromosome 8. This study helps define criteria for assessing rice performance under HIA environments. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gsk2141795.html © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.Leptin genotypes can be identified as homozygous normal (CC), homozygous mutant (TT) and heterozygous (CT) based on a single nucleotide polymorphism in exon 2 of the leptin gene, which has been associated with feed intake and fat deposition in cattle. The experiment was designed as 2×2×2 factorial with three main factors 1) genotype (CT or TT), and diets fed 2) with or without triticale dried distiller's grains with solubles (DDG), and 3) with either flaxseed (FS) or high-oleate sunflower seed (SS). Evaluations included growth performance, subcutaneous fat deposition, adipocyte cellularity, meat quality, and fatty acid (FA) profile of various depots. Beef steers (n = 40, 459 ± 31 kg) of either CT or TT genotypes were housed in individual pens with ad libitum access to one of the four diets 75% steam-rolled barley + 10% barley silage with 10% FS or SS (non-DDG diets, NDG); and 46.5 % barley + 10% barley silage + 30% DDG, with 8.5% FS or SS, all on a DM basis. Growth performance, ultrasound subcutaneous fat thickness, rib eye area (REA), and plasma FA were measured prior to and during the finishing period. At slaughter, samples of subcutaneous fat, perirenal fat and Longissumus thoracis (LT) muscle were collected for FA analysis and carcass and meat quality were measured. Compared to CT cattle, TT tended to have less (P = 0.06) C182-c9,t11 (rumenic acid) in plasma and subcutaneous fat and a greater proportion (P 0.1) among diets, although adding FS tended to increase (P = 0.06) total USFA of subcutaneous fat including omega-3 FA (P less then 0.001). For the high-fat diets evaluated, CT cattle would have more potential to produce beef with enhanced health benefits than would TT cattle. © Crown copyright 2020.The increasing spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria is a major human health concern. The challenging development of new effective antibiotics has led to focus on seeking synergistic antibiotic combinations. Vancomycin (VAN) is a glycopeptide antibiotic used to treat Staphylococcus aureus and enterococci infections. It is targeting D-Alanyl-D-Alanine dimers during peptidoglycan biosynthesis. D-cycloserine (DCS) is a D-Alanine analogue that targets peptidoglycan biosynthesis by inhibiting D-AlanineD-Alanine ligase (Ddl). The VAN-DCS combination was found to be synergistic in VAN resistant S. aureus strains lacking van genes cluster. We hypothesize that this combination leads to opposite effects in S. aureus and enterococci strains harboring van genes cluster where VAN resistance is conferred by the synthesis of modified peptidoglycan precursors ending in D-Alanyl-D-Lactate. The calculated Fractional Inhibitory Concentration of VAN-DCS combination in a van- vancomycin-intermediate, VanA type, and VanB type strains were 0.5, 5 and 3 respectively. As a result, VAN-DCS combination leads to synergism in van-lacking strains, and to antagonism in strains harboring van genes cluster. The VAN-DCS antagonism is due to a mechanism that we named van-mediated Ddl inhibition bypass. Our results show that antibiotic combinations can lead to opposite effects depending on the genetic backgrounds. © FEMS 2020.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Since the launch of Dublin City University's Age-Friendly University (AFU) Initiative in 2012, relatively little empirical research has been published on its feasibility or implementation by institutions of higher learning. This article describes how collaborative citizen science-a research method where professional researchers and community members work together across multiple stages of the research process (e.g., data collection, analysis, and/or knowledge mobilization) to investigate an issue-was used to identify barriers and supports to university age-friendliness at the University of Manitoba (UofM) in Canada. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Ten citizen scientists each completed 1 data collection walk around the UofM campus and used a tablet application to document AFU barriers and supports via photographs and accompanying audio commentaries. The citizen scientists and university researchers then worked together in 2 analysis sessions to identify AFU priority areas and brainstorm recommendations for institutional change.