Having an Anglican affiliation is known to be associated with support for leaving the European Union (EU) in Britain. Religiosity, conceived as strength of religious attachment, has received comparatively little treatment. We investigate religiosity via electoral, household, and attitudinal surveys, distinguishing the effects of "behaving" and "believing." The association between religiosity and EU Referendum vote choice and position is identified before and after inclusion of values, attitudinal, and civic engagement measures. Consistent with established findings, in socio-structural models Anglicans are more likely to support Brexit than religious Nones. More frequent church attendance is associated with being more pro-Remain. The Anglican effect is primarily mediated by anti-immigrant attitudes, authoritarianism, and salience of ethnic identity, suggesting a Christian nationalist aspect to Leave support. The attendance effect is mediated by warmer attitudes toward immigrants, and social capital. Notably, those exhibiting stronger orthodox belief tend to feature a stronger attachment to "Leave," with this partly mediated by authoritarianism. To evaluate the net effect of religion on civic life, we should pay more attention to the cultural content of religious beliefs, and how they structure other values and attitudes. To reduce the risk of avoidable damage to the patient when training surgeons, one must predefine what standards to achieve, as well as supervise and monitor trainees' performance. The aim of this study is to establish a quality reference, to devise comprehensive tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) learning curves and to compare trainees' results to our quality reference. Using the Swedish National Quality Register for Gynecologic Surgery, we devised TVT learning curves for all Swedish TVT trainees from 2009 to 2017, covering their first 50 operations. These outcomes were compared with the results of Sweden's most experienced TVT surgeons for 14 quality variables. In all, 163 trainees performed 2804 operations and 40 experienced surgeons performed 3482 operations. For our primary outcomes - perioperative bladder perforations and urinary continence after 1year - as well as re-admission, re-operation and days to all daily living activities, there was no statistically significant difference between trainees and size makes it improbable that the difference has clinical significance. Our national Swedish results show that it is possible to train new TVT surgeons without exposing patients to noteworthy extra risk and achieve results which are equivalent to the most experienced Swedish surgeons. There is a learning curve for several secondary outcomes but the small effect size makes it improbable that the difference has clinical significance. Our national Swedish results show that it is possible to train new TVT surgeons without exposing patients to noteworthy extra risk and achieve results which are equivalent to the most experienced Swedish surgeons. Hyperechoic lung lesions are largely detected prenatally but their underlying etiology is still poorly defined. The aim of the study was to determine the concordance between pre and postnatal diagnosis of hyperechoic lung lesions. Prenatal ultrasound (US) evaluation was performed by a fetal medicine specialist. Postnatal diagnosis was based on CT-scan. Pre- and postnatal features were retrieved from medical charts. Seventy five patients were included from January 2009 to December 2018. Main prenatal diagnoses were bronchopulmonary sequestrations (BPS) (n = 24%-32%), pulmonary cystic malformations (PCM) (n = 19%-25%), congenital lobar emphysemas (CLE) (n = 15%-20%). Mediastinal shift was observed in 18 cases (24%). The prenatal detection of a systemic arterial supply had a diagnostic accuracy of 90%, while the prenatal detection of a cystic component had a diagnostic accuracy of 76.5%. All 16 neonates with prenatal isolated mediastinal shift were asymptomatic at birth. Seven neonates showed respiratory distress that was not predicted prenatally. Hyperechoic lung malformations reflect a heterogeneous group of lesions with a good concordance for bronchopulmonary sequestration, but not a satisfying prediction for cystic lesions. Hyperechoic lung malformations reflect a heterogeneous group of lesions with a good concordance for bronchopulmonary sequestration, but not a satisfying prediction for cystic lesions. Addressing cachexia in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients is an urgent issue in Japan, the most aged country in the world. We investigated the possible relationships between cachexia and, metalloproteinases and haemodynamics assessed by the cardiac catheterization. We also clarified the prognostic value of cardiac cachexia in the Japanese CHF population. A total of 370 participants (median age, 69years; 35% women) were included. The haemodynamic effects of cachexia were analysed by right heart catheterization. The serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMP), as myocardial collagen turnover markers, were also assessed. Cachexia was present in 88 patients (31%). Overall, 59 patients (16%) had all-cause death. Serum MMP-2 and TIMP-2 levels were higher in cachectic patients than in noncachectic patients (797.5 [649.0-1066.8] vs 610.0 [461.8-756.8] ng/mL; P=.004 and 39.0 [28.0-49.0] vs 24.0 [19.0-37.0] ng/mL; P=.008, respectively). Cachectic patients had greater values of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) (161.9 [119.4-225.4] vs 127.8 [90.7-164.8] dynes/sec/cm , P=.020). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated higher probabilities of all-cause death in the cachexia group (log-rank P=.010). https://www.selleckchem.com/products/a-196.html Cox proportional hazards modelling showed cachexia was an independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio, 1.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-3.37; P=.029). The random forest model showed that C-reactive protein, age, haemoglobin, PVR and MMP-2 were predictors of cardiac cachexia. Cachexia, applying the globally accepted definition, was associated with adverse outcomes in the Japanese CHF population and accompanied by increased activity of MMP species and PVR. Cachexia, applying the globally accepted definition, was associated with adverse outcomes in the Japanese CHF population and accompanied by increased activity of MMP species and PVR.