Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with an often aggressive course, incurable by chemotherapy. Consolidation with high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (autoSCT) has a low transplant-related mortality but does not lead to a survival plateau. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) is associated with a higher early mortality, but can cure MCL. To investigate alloSCT for therapy of MCL, we conducted two prospective trials for de novo MCL (OSHO#74) and for relapsed or refractory MCL (OSHO#60). Fifteen and 24 patients were recruited, respectively. Induction was mainly R-DHAP alternating with R-CHOP. Conditioning was either Busulfan/Cyclophosphamide or Treosulfan/Fludarabin. Either HLA-identical siblings or matched-unrelated donors with not more than one mismatch were allowed. ATG was mandatory in mismatched or unrelated transplantation. Progression-free survival (PFS) was 62% and overall survival (OS) was 68% after 16.5-year follow-up. Significant differences in PFS and OS between both trials were not observed. Patients below 56 years and patients after myeloablative conditioning had a better outcome compared to patients of the corresponding groups. Nine patients have died between day +8 and 5.9 years after SCT. Data from 7 long-term surviving patients showed an excellent Quality-of-life (QoL) after alloSCT. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ipa-3.html AlloSCT for MCL delivers excellent long-term survival data. The early mortality is higher than after autoSCT; however, the survival curves after alloSCT indicate the curative potential of this therapy. AlloSCT is a standard of care for all feasible patients with refractory or relapsed MCL and should offer to selected patients with de novo MCL and a poor risk profile. For defining the position of alloSCT in the therapeutic algorithm of MCL therapy, a randomized comparison of autoSCT and alloSCT is mandatory.Previous research shows that individuals who tend to get bored frequently and intensely-the highly boredom prone-are more likely to engage in risky behaviors. However, these studies are based largely on self-reports. Here we address this gap and suggest that noisy decision-making (DM) is a potential driver for this relationship between boredom proneness and risk-taking. In Study 1, eighty-six participants completed the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) while EEG was recorded. We found blunted feedback processing with higher boredom proneness, as indexed by reduced feedback-P3 amplitudes. Risk taking, as indexed by the BART, was not higher in the highly boredom prone. In Study 2a (N = 404) we directly tested the noisy DM hypothesis in an online sample using a binary choice task, and found that with higher boredom proneness, participants were more likely to alternate between choices on a trial-to-trial basis, but were not more likely to choose the risky alternative. These findings were replicated in a new sample (Study 2b), and extended to the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT; Study 3). In the IGT we found increased choice switching and reduced feedback sensitivity with higher boredom proneness. Once again, higher risk taking as indexed by the IGT was not evident in the highly boredom prone. Overall, our findings suggest that boredom proneness is associated with noisy decision-making (i.e., a tendency to alternate more between choice options regardless of risk level), and not risk-seeking per se. That is, the highly boredom prone are not necessarily attracted to risks, but rather, may be insensitive to risks due to reduced feedback sensitivity.People form coherent representations of goal-directed actions. Such agency experiences of intentional action are reflected by a shift in temporal perception self-generated motor movements and subsequent sensory effects are perceived to occur closer together in time-a phenomenon termed intentional binding. Building on recent research suggesting that temporal binding occurs without intentionally performing actions, we further examined whether such perceptual compression occurs when motor action is fully absent. In three experiments, we used a novel sensory-based adaptation of the Libet clock paradigm to assess how a brief tactile sensation on the index finger and a resulting auditory stimulus perceptually bind together in time. Findings revealed robust temporal repulsion (instead of binding) between tactile sensation and auditory effect. Temporal repulsion was attenuated when participants could anticipate the identity and temporal onset (two crucial components of intentional action) of the tactile sensation. These findings are briefly discussed in the context of differences between intentional movement and anticipated bodily sensations in shaping action coherence and agentic experiences.Viewing plant species by their mycorrhizal type has explained a range of ecosystem processes. However, mycorrhizal type is confounded with plant phylogeny and the environments in which mycorrhizal partners occur. To circumvent these confounding effects, "dual-mycorrhizal" plant species may be potential models for testing the influence of mycorrhizal type on stand biogeochemistry. To assess their use as models, duality in mycorrhizas within a single host species must be confirmed and factors underlying their variation understood. We surveyed roots, soils, and leaves of mature aspen (Populus tremuloides) across 27 stands in western Canada spanning two biomes boreal forest and parklands. Aspen roots were mostly ectomycorrhizal with sporadic and rare occurrences of arbuscular mycorrhizas. We further tested whether a climate moisture index predicted abundance of ectomycorrhizal roots (number of ectomycorrhizal root tips m-1 root length) surveyed at two depths (0-20 cm and 20-40 cm) and found that ectomycorrhizal root abundance in subsoils (20-40 cm) was positively related to the index. We subsequently examined the relationships between ectomycorrhizal root abundance, leaf traits, and slow and fast pools of soil organic carbon and nitrogen. The ratio of leaf ligninN, but not its components, increased along with ectomycorrhizal root abundance in subsoils. Soil carbon and nitrogen pools were independent of ectomycorrhizal root abundance. Our results suggest that (1) categorizing aspen as dual-mycorrhizal may overstate the functional importance of arbuscular mycorrhizas in this species and life stage, (2) water availability influences ectomycorrhizal root abundance, and (3) ectomycorrhizal root abundance coincides with leaf quality.