In geotechnics as well as in planetary science, it is important to find a means by which to protect a base from impacts of micrometeoroids. In the moon, for example, covering a moon base with regolith, and housing such regolith by movable bounding walls, could work as a stress-leaking shield. Using a numerical model, by performing impacts on a granular material housed in a rectangular container made with one movable sidewall, it is found that such wall mobility serves as a good means for controlling the maximum force exerted at the container's base. We show that the force exerted at the container's base decreases as the movable wall decreases in mass, and it follows a Janssen-like trend. Moreover, by making use of a dynamically defined redirecting coefficient K(X), proposed by Windows-Yule et al. [Phys. Rev. E 100, 022902 (2019)2470-004510.1103/PhysRevE.100.022902], which depends on the container's width X, we propose a model for predicting the maxima measured at the container's base. The model depends on the projectile and granulate properties, and the container's geometry.Anomalous behavior of a nonlinear climate-vegetation model governed by the multiplicative and additive noises is revealed on the basis of stochastic sensitivity analysis. A specific feature of this model is the bistability with the coexistence of "snowball" equilibrium and "warm" attractor in the form of equilibrium or cycle. It is found that multiplicative and additive noises shift probabilistic distribution in opposite directions. The multiplicative noise introduced into the death rate of vegetation changes the dispersion of random states and their localization in the phase diagram. This type of noise cools down the system and is responsible for its transition to the snowball state. On the contrary, the additive noise warms up the climate with increasing noise intensity. A cumulative effect of multiplicative and additive noises occurs under their simultaneous influence. This effect determining the evolutionary behavior of a climate-vegetation system depends on the ratio of intensities of these noises.We study the stationary dynamics of an active interacting Brownian particle system. We measure the violations of the fluctuation dissipation theorem, and the corresponding effective temperature, in a locally resolved way. Quite naturally, in the homogeneous phases the diffusive properties and effective temperature are also homogeneous. Instead, in the inhomogeneous phases (close to equilibrium and within the MIPS sector) the particles can be separated in two groups with different diffusion properties and effective temperatures. Notably, at fixed activity strength the effective temperatures in the two phases remain distinct and approximately constant within the MIPS region, with values corresponding to the ones of the whole system at the boundaries of this sector of the phase diagram. We complement the study of the globally averaged properties with the theoretical and numerical characterization of the fluctuation distributions of the single-particle diffusion, linear response, and effective temperature in the homogeneous and inhomogeneous phases. We also distinguish the behavior of the (time-delayed) effective temperature from the (instantaneous) kinetic temperature, showing that the former is independent of the friction coefficient.It is shown that a simultaneous, 15-min-long registration of visible light and an increase in the rate of γ ray count at Aragats Space Environmental Center on September 1, 2020 [A. Chilingarian et al., Phys. Rev. Res. 1, 033167 (2019)10.1103/PhysRevResearch.1.033167] could be the registration of visible light and γ rays from a swarm of ball lightning. The information from several reports about visual observation of swarms of objects, described by witnesses as balls or ball lightning, in thunderclouds and about the fall of a large number of such objects from thunderclouds is presented. Illustrative examples of location and parameters of ball lightning are also presented.Hydrodynamic memory force or Basset force has been known since the 19th century. Its influence on Brownian motion remains, however, mostly unexplored. Here we investigate its role in nonlinear transport and diffusion within a paradigmatic model of tilted washboard potential. In this model, a giant enhancement of driven diffusion over its potential-free limit [Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 010602 (2001)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.87.010602] presents a well-established paradoxical phenomenon. In the overdamped limit, it occurs at a critical tilt of vanishing potential barriers. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/etc-159.html However, for weak damping, it takes place surprisingly at another critical tilt, where the potential barriers are clearly expressed. Recently we showed [Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 180603 (2019)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.123.180603] that Basset force could make such a diffusion enhancement enormously large. In this paper, we discover that even for moderately strong damping, where the overdamped theory works very well when the memory effects are negligible, substantial hydrodynamic memory unexpectedly makes a strong impact. First, the diffusion boost occurs at nonvanishing potential barriers and can be orders of magnitude larger. Second, transient anomalous diffusion regimes emerge over many time decades and potential periods. Third, particles' mobility can also be dramatically enhanced, and a long transient supertransport regime emerges.We examine a quantum heat engine with an interacting many-body working medium consisting of the long-range Kitaev chain to explore the role of long-range interactions in the performance of the quantum engine. By analytically studying two types of thermodynamic cycles, namely, the Otto cycle and Stirling cycle, we demonstrate that the work output and efficiency of a long-range interacting heat engine can be boosted by the long-range interactions, in comparison to the short-range counterpart. We further show that in the Otto cycle there exists an optimal condition for which the maximum enhancement in work output and efficiency can be achieved simultaneously by the long-range interactions. But, for the Stirling cycle, the condition which can give the maximum enhancement in work output does not lead to the maximum enhancement in efficiency. We also investigate how the parameter regimes under which the engine performance is enhanced by the long-range interactions evolve with a decrease in the range of interactions.