Multiplex surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection of markers without background in tumor biosystems has its superiority over other optical methods. Herein, we reported a strategy of quantitative discrimination of two breast cancer cell subtypes. Based on our previous studies, two kinds of Prussian blue analogue coated gold nanoparticles (Au@PBA NPs) were designed and synthesized by the replacement of Fe2+ with Pb2+ or Cu2+. Therefore, two distinct SERS emissions of C≡N bonds at 2122 cm-1 and 2176 cm-1 have been acquired. When modified with aptamers of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which are both expressed in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines but in different levels, the SERS nanoprobes simultaneously identified the relative expression of these biomarkers on the cell surface, providing a good example for ratiometric detection in biosystems without any interference. Each surface marker of tumor cells corresponds to a single SERS emission. Thus, each subtype could be described in a molecular profiling way through duplex C≡N bonds-based SERS emission, which is more advanced than traditional flow cytometry method.A structure-activity relationship (SAR) study towards novel ACC1-selective inhibitors was carried out by modifying the molecular length of the linker in biaryl derivative 1 g, an ACC1/2 dual inhibitor. Ultimately, this leads us to discover novel phenoxybenzyloxy derivative 1i as a potent ACC1-selective inhibitor. Further chemical modification of this scaffold to improve cellular potency as well as physicochemical and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties produced N-2-(pyridin-2-ylethyl)acetamide derivative 1n, which showed highly potent ACC1-selective inhibition as well as sufficient PK profile for further in vivo evaluations. Oral administration of 1n significantly reduced the concentration of malonyl-CoA in HCT-116 xenograft tumors at doses of 100 mg/kg. Accordingly, our novel series of potent ACC1-selective inhibitors represents a set of useful orally-available research tools, as well as potential therapeutic agents for cancer and fatty acid-related diseases.African swine fever (ASF) is a viral disease in swine that results in high mortality in domestic pigs and causes considerable economic losses. Currently, there is no effective vaccine or drugs available for treatment. Identification of new anti-ASFV drugs is urgently needed. Here, the pS273R protein of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a specific SUMO-1-like cysteine protease that plays an important role in its replication process. To inhibit virus replication and improve treatment options, a set of small-molecule compounds, targeted inhibitors against the ASFV pS273R protease, were obtained through molecular screening by homology modeling and molecular docking based on structural information of pS273R. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/inv-202.html Our results clearly demonstrated that the 14th carbon atom of the cysteinase inhibitor E-64 could form one CS covalent bond with the Cys 232 amino acid of the pS273R protease and seven additional hydrogen bonds to maintain a stable binding state. Simultaneously, cell viability, immunophenotyping, and in vitro enzyme activity inhibition assays were performed to comprehensively evaluate E-64 characteristics. Our findings demonstrated that 4 mmol/L E-64 could effectively inhibit the enzyme activity center of the pS273R protease by preventing pS273R protease from lysing pp62, while promoting the upregulation of immune-related cytokines at the transcription level. Moreover, cell viability results revealed that 4 mmol/L E-64 was not cytotoxic. Taken together, we identified a novel strategy to potentially prevent ASFV infection in pigs by blocking the activity of pS273R protease with a small-molecule inhibitor. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and dyscalculia, also called mathematics disorder, frequently co-occur, yet the etiology of this comorbidity is poorly understood. This study investigated whether impairments in the understanding of numbers and magnitudes (basic numerical skills) are a unique risk factor for mathematical difficulties (MD) or a shared risk factor that could help to explain the association between ADHD and MD. Basic numerical skills were assessed with eight subtests in children (age 6-10 years, N = 86) with clinically significant ADHD symptoms and/or MD and typically developing children (control group). This double dissociation design allowed to test for main and interaction effects of ADHD and MD using both classical and Bayesian analysis of variance (ANOVA). Children with MD were impaired in transcoding, complex number and magnitude comparison, and arithmetic fact retrieval. They were not impaired in tasks assessing core markers of numeracy, which might be explained by the sample including children with mathematical difficulties instead of a diagnosed dyscalculia. ADHD was not associated with deficits in any of the tasks. The evidence for an additive combination of cognitive profiles was weak. Impairments in basic numerical skills are uniquely associated with MD and do not represent a shared risk factor for ADHD symptoms and MD. Impairments in basic numerical skills are uniquely associated with MD and do not represent a shared risk factor for ADHD symptoms and MD. Few studies have investigated the characteristics of father language directed to typically developing children (TD), and father speech directed to children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is largely under investigated. Considering the importance of involving fathers of children with ASD in research and clinical practice, the main purpose of this study was to investigate paternal speech directed to children with ASD compared to that of fathers of TD children. To this aim, we coded multiple functional aspects of speech during 10-min naturalistic dyadic play interactions between fathers and their preschool children with ASD (n = 20) and with TD (n = 20). Results showed that fathers of children with ASD displayed a peculiar child-directed language that seems to reflect the effort to provide enhanced scaffolding and reduced demands while sustaining a challenging social interaction. Specifically, fathers of children with ASD used more descriptions, fewer questions in general but more questions about child internal states.