OBJECTIVE To investigate whether orthopedic and traumatology residents who are undergoing training achieve competence in surgical techniques after completion of their specialization and to determine whether there are significant differences between the responses of residents from accredited and nonaccredited institutions. METHODS A total of 131 orthopedics and traumatology residents from nine institutions in the İstanbul province answered the questionnaire during the morning training meeting. In addition to basic demographic data, level of seniority, equipment competence, and theoretical and practical training, the residents were asked about their opinion on what type of surgeries they could perform after their specialization, considering the surgery and follow-up of the case as well as the complications occurring during this period. The residents responded to questions on 46 surgeries under the main headings of trauma, arthroscopy, arthroplasty, spine, pediatric orthopedics, hand surgery, deformity, and boneed, a significant difference was found in 17 of them (p less then 0.05). There was a significant difference between the averages of residents' responses on the surgical fields they have interest for (p less then 0.05). It was determined that the residents believed that they could mostly perform surgeries in the fields of trauma, followed by arthroplasty, deformity, arthroscopy, pediatric orthopedics, hand surgery, and spine and tumor surgery. According to their level of seniority, a significant difference was found between the averages of residents' opinions regarding their surgical skill levels (p=0.02). CONCLUSION We believe that it would be beneficial for the trainers to take necessary precautions to increase the skill levels of the residents of orthopedic surgery. Accreditation significantly contributes to the standardization of education as well as quality improvement. Further action should be taken to increase the number of accredited clinics.OBJECTIVE This study aimed to validate the Turkish version of the Low Back Outcome Score and check its reliability in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP). METHODS Overall, 105 patients (81 women and 24 men; mean age 49.5 years (18-65 years)) with a complaint of LBP for at least 3 months were included in this study. Test-retest reliability was assessed after 7 days. Overall score of LBOS was compared with the overall scores of "Rolland-Morris Disability Questionnaire," "Oswestry Disability Index," "Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale," "SF-36," and "Bournemouth Questionnaire for Back Pain" to calculate the convergent validity by using Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS The questionnaire was noted to have high internal consistency. The test-retest analysis revealed an excellent correlation (ICC=0.80). Pearson correlation coefficient of the LBOS was assessed using VAS and had an excellent correlation with all the questionnaires included in this study. CONCLUSION The Turkish version of the LBOS questionnaire appeared to be a valid and reliable outcome measure. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, Diagnostic study.OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the functional results of internal fixation of both forearm bones versus fixation of the radius alone in the treatment of distal both-bone forearm fractures in children. METHODS This study included a total of 34 children who were treated for distal forearm both-bone fracture. Patients were divided into two groups according to the technique used, which depended on the date of their surgery. Group 1 consisted of 18 children (14 males and four females; mean age 10.3 years; age range 7-16 years) who underwent both-bone fracture fixation using closed reduction and percutaneous pinning; Group 2 consisted of 16 children (12 males and four females; mean age 10.1 years; age range 6-15 years) who underwent only radius fracture fixation. The average follow-up was 65.6 months in Group 1 and 38.9 months in Group 2. Operating time, fluoroscopy exposure time, functional results (Mayo Wrist Score, visual analogue scale score, and range of motion), radiological results (time to ut to fixation of both forearm bones as it results in satisfactory functional and radiographic outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, Therapeutic study.OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in lesser trochanter shapes in relation to femoral rotations and to develop a reference value for the determination of clinically relevant malrotation of the femur. METHODS Patients who underwent computed tomography angiography between January 2009 and July 2018 were identified based on a review of their institutional medical records. Thereafter, three-dimensional (3D) images of the whole femur for a total of 860 patients were obtained from their tomographic sections. The distance between the lateral outer cortex of the femur and the most medial point of the lesser trochanter with the femur in neutral rotation was measured and set as the reference value. Then, the same distance was measured at 5°, 10°, 15°, and 20° of femoral internal rotation and at 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, and 25° of femoral external rotation. To avoid magnification errors, the reference values were divided by each measured value at these different rotation angles and then multiplied by 100. IV, Diagnostic study.OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of a newly developed transpedicular, anterior open-wedge osteotomy procedure with lamina preservation to correct sagittal imbalance in regional kyphotic deformities following compression fractures. METHODS All seven patients [four females and three males; mean (range) age, 67 (56-78) years] included in this study underwent surgery between May 2005 and May 2016 for symptomatic, rigid kyphosis secondary to compression fractures. Transpedicular, anterior open-wedge osteotomy with lamina preservation was performed in all patients using an osteotome to create a transverse fracture in the vertebral body through bilateral pedicles and an anterior open-wedge space filled with compacted bone graft to correct kyphosis. Pre- and post-operative kyphotic Cobb angles were evaluated, and the volume of intra-operative blood loss was measured. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/chaetocin.html RESULTS The pre- and post-operative kyphotic Cobb angle was 35.3° and 17.7°, respectively (p less then 0.01); mean angle correction was 17.