In 2018, 21 (41%) jurisdictions had begun reporting gender identity for sexually transmitted disease case notifications sent to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Among jurisdictions with ≥70% of cases with reported gender identity and sex, 1.0% of primary and secondary syphilis cases were identified as transgender and 71% of transgender women with syphilis were concurrently coded as being male sex. Chlamydia and gonorrhea are 2 of the most common sexually transmitted infections, and patients are increasingly seeking care for them in urgent care clinics. Providers often rely on syndromic management because of prolonged test turnaround times, which can result in inappropriate treatment. This study retrospectively evaluated chlamydia and gonorrhea treatment accuracy of adults, men and women, 18 years and older in 4 urgent cares in Northeast Iowa, using standard nucleic acid amplification test in a 6-month time frame through medical records review. Seven hundred twenty-two visits were evaluated. The proportion of patients who were treated at the time of their visit was 25.8% (n = 186/722), resulting in 68.8% (n = 128/186) overtreatment and 8.2% (n = 44/536) undertreatment. Logistic regression analysis found that treatment prescribed without diagnostic test results and the patient-collected vaginal swabs were predictors of inappropriate treatment. Patients who were treated in the clinic were significantly less likely to be treated appropriately compared with patients who were treated later based on test results (odds ratio, 0.04; confidence interval, 0.02-0.06). Patients who self-collected vaginal swabs had significantly lower odds of being treated appropriately (odds ratio, 0.04; confidence interval, 0.09-0.80). Syndromic management leads to inaccurate treatment of chlamydia and gonorrhea at the time of the initial patient visit. Changes in practice in urgent care are needed to improve treatment accuracy by promoting antibiotic stewardship and decreasing forward disease transmission. Syndromic management leads to inaccurate treatment of chlamydia and gonorrhea at the time of the initial patient visit. Changes in practice in urgent care are needed to improve treatment accuracy by promoting antibiotic stewardship and decreasing forward disease transmission. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) assisted partner services (aPS) has been recommended as a strategy to increase HIV case finding. We evaluated factors associated with poor linkage to HIV care among newly diagnosed HIV-positive individuals (index clients) and their partners after receiving aPS in Kenya. In a cluster randomized trial conducted between 2013 and 2015, 9 facilities were randomized to immediate aPS (intervention). Linkage to care-defined as HIV clinic registration, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation were self-reported. Antiretroviral therapy was only offered to those with CD4 less than 500 during this period. We estimated linkage to care and ART initiation separately for index clients and their partners using log-binomial generalized estimating equation models with exchangeable correlation structure and robust standard errors. Overall, 550 index clients and 621 sex partners enrolled, of whom 46% (284 of 621) were HIV-positive. Of the 284, 264 (93%) sex partners returned at 6 weeks 120 newly diagnosed and 144 whom had known HIV-positive status. Among the 120 newly diagnosed, only 69% (83) linked to care at 6 weeks, whereas among the 18 known HIV-positive sex partners not already in care at baseline, 61% (11) linked. Newly diagnosed HIV-positive sex partners who were younger and single were less likely to link to care (P < 0.05 for all). Only two thirds of newly diagnosed, and known HIV-positive sex partners not in care linked to care after receiving aPS. The HIV aPS programs should optimize HIV care for newly diagnosed HIV-positive sex partners, especially those who are younger and single. Only two thirds of newly diagnosed, and known HIV-positive sex partners not in care linked to care after receiving aPS. The HIV aPS programs should optimize HIV care for newly diagnosed HIV-positive sex partners, especially those who are younger and single. Accurate estimates of key population size are necessary to design programs and policies to prevent and reduce new HIV infections and to monitor the dynamics of the epidemic. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/lithium-chloride.html The first bio-behavioral surveillance surveys, with population size estimation activities, were conducted in Mozambique in 2010 to 2014. We used multiple methods-sequential sampling, unique object, unique event, and service multipliers-to estimate the numbers of men who have sex with men (MSM), female sex workers (FSW), and people who inject drugs (PWID) living in major cities in Mozambique. Results were applied to population sizes to estimate the number of people living with HIV and those unaware of their status. Our results suggest that Maputo has 5182 MSM, which constitutes 1.0% of the adult male population (plausibility bounds, 0.5%-2.6%); Beira, 1796 (1.4%, 1.0%-2.2%); and Nampula, 874 (0.6%, 0.4%-1.6%). The number of FSW population is 1514 (0.6%; plausibility bounds, 0.4%-1.6% of adult female city population) in Maputo, 2616 (2.2%, 1.3%-6.0%) in Beira, and 2052 (1.4%, 0.8%-5.9%) in Nampula. The number of people who inject drugs is 2518 (0.4%; plausibility bounds, 0.3%-0.5% of adult male city population) in Maputo and 1982 (1.2%, 0.6%-1.9%) in Nampula. People living with HIV ranged from 25 to 497 MSM, 382 to 664 FSW, and 712 to 1340 PWID, whereas people living with HIV unaware of their HIV positive serostatus ranged from 24 to 486 MSM, 327 to 552 FSW, and 265 to 468 PWID. Although estimates generally fell within the range of those from the literature, the triangulation of survey and programmatic data over time will increasingly refine population size estimates and support the optimal allocation of limited resources. Although estimates generally fell within the range of those from the literature, the triangulation of survey and programmatic data over time will increasingly refine population size estimates and support the optimal allocation of limited resources.