The relationship of high blood pressure and physical inactivity to diabetes mellitus is well known, but not many studies have known the joint effect of the two in causing diabetes mellitus. This study aims to evaluate the joint effect of high blood pressure and less physical activity against Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in Indonesia. This is a cross-sectional study. Subjects in this study were the age group ≥ 21 years old who were followed by the interview. We investigated factors related to DM in Indonesia associated with blood pressure and physical activity by controlling other confounding variables. Statistical analyses were conducted using logistic regression. Age, sex, education level, marital status, occupation, body mass index, residence area, stress, fruit, and vegetable consumption were adjusted for in the multivariate model. The prevalence of DM was 3.86% among respondents. Multivariate analysis showed that people who had hypertension and less physical activity had a risk of 3.68 (95% CI, 2.43-5.34) times having DM. People who had hypertension and enough physical activity had a risk of 2.33 (95% CI, 1.65-6.43) times having DM. While people who do not have hypertension and had less physical activity had a risk of 1.81 (95% CI, 1.34-3.62) times. People with hypertension and less physical activity have the greatest risk of developing DM. People with hypertension and less physical activity have the greatest risk of developing DM. Improved health literacy and awareness could help type 2 diabetic patients to control the disease complications. The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of theory-based educational intervention on health literacy and self-care behaviors of type 2 diabetic patients in Tonekabon city. This randomized controlled trial study was conducted at health care centers in Tonekabon city, Iran, from April 5, 2017, to October 22, 2018. Using multistage random sampling, 166 patients with type 2 diabetes divided into two groups theory-based intervention (n = 83) and custom education (n = 83). The data collection tools consisted of demographic information, Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) measures, health literacy for Iranian adults (HELIA) and summary of diabetes self-care activities (SDSCA). The five 45-minute group training sessions based on the baseline assessment and model constructs along with the targeted pamphlet and m-health strategy were designed for the experimental group. Data were analyzed using chi-square, independent and paired t-test and Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). After controlling for pre-test effect, there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of mean scores of attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavior control and intention in post-test (P < 0.001). Also, after controlling for the pre-test effect, the results showed a significant difference in the self-care domain in the post-test (P < 0.001). Finally, after controlling for the pre-test variable effect, covariance analysis reflects significant difference in total health literacy score and its dimension at posttest (P < 0.001). Applying TPB based education is suggested to maintain and improve self-care behaviors and health literacy in type 2 diabetic patients and other chronic diseases. Applying TPB based education is suggested to maintain and improve self-care behaviors and health literacy in type 2 diabetic patients and other chronic diseases. In recent times, Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has had a rapid increase in developing countries as a result of changing lifestyles among the people. This study was therefore aimed to investigate the level of awareness of DM and its associated risk factors in Afao a rural community located in Irepodun/Ifelodun Local Government Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study was descriptive cross-sectional in design. A multi-stage sampling technique was applied to recruit respondents who are residents in the community. Two hundred and one individuals were involved in this community-based study. Information was obtained using a modified WHO STEPwise approach to chronic disease risk surveillance. The questionnaire included questions that assessed socio-demographic characteristics, diabetic risk factors and anthropometric measures of respondents. Of the 134 (66.7%) respondents aware of DM, only an average of 43.9% had knowledge of its risk factors. Respondent's body mass index was significantly associated (P < 0.01) with knowlerisk factors in Afao. Routine measurement of blood glucose levels for adults, community health education and enlightenment strategies through the ministry of health on the awareness of diabetes are highly recommended for the Afao community. This study comes at an opportune time due to recent introduction of the National Cervical Cancer Screening programme in Malta. It aims to assess the knowledge of 25-64 year-old females on cervical cancer and attitudes towards screening. A cross-sectional, telephone-based, quantitative survey conducted in 2017. The survey tool was based on the Cervical Cancer Awareness Measure questionnaire and was carried out among a random stratified sample of females of 25-64 years, resident in Malta. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bms-502.html Multivariate logistic regression models were applied. 407 females (85% response rate) were interviewed. Knowledge of cervical cancer risk factors and symptoms was found to be significantly higher in women with a higher level of education (p < 0.001). Cervical screening was attended every 3 years by 69% of respondents. Regular attendees were more likely to have children (p = 0.001), have experienced cancer in a close family member (p = 0.002), and were between 35-44 and 45-54 years old (p < 0.001). The main reasons for non-attendance were embarrassment, fear of the test and fear of the result. This research provides a better understanding of who are the vulnerable groups with respect to cervical cancer knowledge and screening attendance. Improving health literacy and implementing health promotion campaigns will improve early symptom recognition, risk factor knowledge and attendance for screening. This research provides a better understanding of who are the vulnerable groups with respect to cervical cancer knowledge and screening attendance. Improving health literacy and implementing health promotion campaigns will improve early symptom recognition, risk factor knowledge and attendance for screening.