A new species of the genus Wesmaelia Foerster, 1863, Wesmaelia longius sp. n. is described and illustrated from the Palaearctic Region of China. A key to the Chinese species of the genus Wesmaelia is provided based on the key of Papp (1995).Description of four new species Anthaxia (Merocratus) angustata Bílý, sp. nov. (Vietnam), A. (M.) priska Bílý, sp. nov. (Indonesia Kalimantan), A. (M.) violaceidorsis Bílý, sp. nov. (Indonesia Kalimantan), and A. (M.) lucifera Plachetka, sp. nov. (The Philippines). Two species-groups are defined within the subgenus A. (M.) insulaecola Obenberger, 1944 species-group and A. (M.) tricolor Kerremans, 1912 species-group. The sexual dimorphism of certain species is discussed and the distribution of some species are modified including new state records. All new species are illustrated and compared with the most related species.Myxia belinda gen. et sp. nov. is established for a new taxon of Cixiidae in the tribe Oecleini collected from palms in Costa Rica. The new taxon was discovered while surveying palms for potential phytoplasma vectors. Placement in a new genus is supported by a 1,383 bp sequence of 18S that differs by 2.77% from Haplaxius, 5.20% from Myndus taffini, and 2.80% from Nymphomyndus caribbea. Intrageneric variation for 18S was found to be approximately 0.5% to 0.6% within Haplaxius. Generic level differences within the Oecleini for COI ranged from 15% to 17% with the novel taxon differing by about 16% from other genera. The new genus is most similar in appearance to Haplaxius but possesses striking sexual dimorphism, and the aedeagus is only partially surrounded by the phallobase (versus entirely enveloped in Haplaxius). The discovery of a novel taxon of cixiid on palms that is similar to Haplaxius is important because of the role that Haplaxius crudus plays in phytoplasma transmission in palm agro- and natural ecosystems.Four new species of the eutheiine genus Veraphis Casey are described, all based on specimens collected in Japan V. loebli sp. n., V. mutsuensis sp. n., V. aomoriensis sp. n., and V. sakaii sp. n. New findings increase the number of Japanese Veraphis species to fourteen, and Japan becomes a country that houses the greatest known diversity of this rarely collected genus. The grammatical gender of Veraphis is identified as feminine, and species names previously treated as masculine are corrected accordingly. The distribution of all Veraphis species in Japan is summarized.Cavernicolous trechine beetles of the genus Tonkinaphaenops Deuve, 2013, known so far only from Vietnam, are reported for the first time from southern China, and new data are also provided regarding this genus from northern Vietnam. Two new Chinese species, T. yinquanicus sp. nov. from cave Yinquan Dong and T. jingxicus sp. nov. from cave Nianluo Dong in Jingxi County, southwesternmost Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, are described and illustrated, together with the descriptions of two new Vietnamese species T. anthonyi sp. nov. from the cave Hang Dõi and T. impunctatus sp. nov. from the cave Hang Rắn in Cao Bằng province. A key to all known species of Tonkinaphaenops is also provided.The launch of the Dutch Caribbean Species Register by Naturalis Biodiversity Center (2017)-https//www.dutchcaribbeanspecies.org/-raised the question of which branchiopods originate from this part of the Netherlands. To answer this question, surveys of literature and of the Naturalis collection were conducted. The additional samples (collected in 2003-2005 and 2008) were analyzed. We present an annotated checklist of the Branchiopoda of the Dutch Caribbean.                 The Kingdom of the Netherlands includes the Dutch mainland and six Caribbean islands. From the Caribbean part of the kingdom, an annotated list of all known species is given. Fifteen taxa and three genera have been encountered and the species are discussed. To date, six species of large branchiopods and nine species of cladocerans are known. Two more genera of cladocerans have been found. One species is endemic to Bonaire.The majority of species in the genus Echiniscus (Heterotardigrada) have been described based on differences in the chaetotaxy or dorsal sculpture. Dorsal sculpture is, in general, considered to be species-specific and not very variable; however, many problems have arisen due to various interpretations of microscope images, which has led to taxonomic confusion in the genus Echiniscus. Conversely, chaetotaxy is generally much easier to interpret, even using low-quality microscope optics. In this study, we emended the description of Madagascan population of Echiniscus tristis Gąsiorek & Kristensen, 2018 that exhibits several different types of chaetotaxy and dorsal sculpture. The analysed specimens were characterised by two types of chaetotaxy, A-C-Dd-E and A-Dd-E, but we also found a wide range of variation in appendage number, shape and length. The observed differences are partly correlated with life stages. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Nolvadex.html Additionally, we analysed DNA sequences of 28S rRNA, ITS-2 and COI of the two main morphotypes, and did not find significant genetic differentiation of the two morphotypes. This highlights the importance of analysing the morphology of both immature stages and adults, as well as of DNA markers in tardigrade species identification.The medically important spider genus Latrodectus Walckenaer 1805, commonly referred to as "button spiders" in South Africa, is represented by six species in the country. Using morphology and the COI barcoding gene we describe a new forest dwelling species, Latrodectus umbukwane n. sp. Wright, Wright, Lyle and Engelbrecht. Females have red markings on both the ventral and posterior dorsal surfaces of the abdomen, parallel spermathecae and three loops of the copulatory ducts. Males have an embolus with four loops and diagnostic white markings on the ventral surface of the abdomen that darken with age. Egg sacs are smooth, large, and bright purple when freshly laid, turning shiny grey with time. Latrodectus umbukwane n. sp. is known only from sand forest vegetation types in northern Zululand, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. A predicted geographic distribution for this species is provided based on cartographic mapping of known habitat and altitudinal preference, from which area of occupancy (AOO; 698 km2) and extent of occurrence (EOO; 4963 km2) were calculated to assess potential IUCN Red List status.