To report occurrence of cicatrizing conjunctivitis as an extraglandular ocular manifestation of primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Medical charts of all patients with SS evaluated at two tertiary ophthalmological referral centers were reviewed. Patients who demonstrated clinical findings of cicatrizing conjunctivitis were included in this review. Patient and disease-related data including ocular complications, therapies and outcomes were collected. Eight patients with a diagnosisis of SS were noted to have cicatrizing conjunctivitis findings over a period of 11 years (between 2009 and 2020). Mean age of patients was 79. All patients had a negative immunoreactant deposition in conjunctival biopsy. Mean follow-up time was 6 years (range, 18-197 months). Three patients had progression of conjunctival scarring. Worsening of vision occurred in 4 patients due to corneal complications, including ulceration, perforation and scarring. SS is an under-recognized etiology of severe progressive cicatrizing conjunctivitis that can lead to ocular morbidity and loss of vision without appropriate management. SS is an under-recognized etiology of severe progressive cicatrizing conjunctivitis that can lead to ocular morbidity and loss of vision without appropriate management.Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced primarily by filamentous fungi that when consumed cause pathological responses in animal hosts or consumers. Defined functionally rather than structurally, mycotoxins derive from numerous primary metabolic pathways. Through opportunistic or mutualistic associations, insect herbivores inflict damage that can predispose plants to infection by mycotoxin-producing phytopathogens, resulting in economically significant contamination. The few cytochrome P450 subfamilies implicated in mycotoxin detoxification by insects, including CYP6 and CYP9, are also known to detoxify phytochemicals. Some insect P450s bioactivate, rather than detoxify, mycotoxins, suggestive of an 'escalation' in arms-race interactions between these herbivores and fungi. Characterizing insect P450s that detoxify mycotoxins can be useful for developing biological remediation technologies and for ensuring the safety of insects reared for human or livestock consumption. Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy is the standard adjuvant treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder carcinoma (NMIBC) with carcinoma in situ, in addition to tumour resection. We aimed to study BCG complications that preclude adequate treatment of NMIBC in an Asian population. This retrospective study was conducted using a large, prospectively maintained bladder cancer database. 336 patients received intravesical BCG for bladder cancer in our institution between 2004 and 2016, with an average follow-up of 63 months. The study included 258 (76.8%) male and 78 (23.2%) female patients. Median age at diagnosis of bladder cancer was 69 (range 17-94) years. Median number of BCG instillation was 6 (range 1-27). 52 (15.5%) patients received maintenance therapy. The most common complications included urinary tract infection with or without sepsis (n = 18, 5.4%), haematuria (n = 9, 2.7%) and acute urinary retention (n = 4, 1.2%). 93.3% of the patients with complications presented early, within one month of completion of therapy. 22 out of 30 complications were Clavien-Dindo grade ≤ 2. 10 (33.3%) patients were admitted to hospital because of BCG-related adverse effects. The most common reasons for termination were urosepsis (2/30, 6.7%) and acute urinary retention (2/30, 6.7%). Patients aged ≥ 80 years at diagnosis were at higher risk of developing BCG-related complications (19.0% vs. 7.5%, p = 0.01). This retrospective cohort and subgroup study showed that intravesical BCG therapy is well tolerated and has a low incidence of complications even in the elderly and patients with multiple comorbidities. This retrospective cohort and subgroup study showed that intravesical BCG therapy is well tolerated and has a low incidence of complications even in the elderly and patients with multiple comorbidities.There are few reports on the coexistence of cardiac amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis and light chain deposition disease (LCDD), despite their similar pathophysiologies caused by plasma-cell dyscrasia. Herein, we report the coexistence of these diseases. A 59-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of exertional dyspnea and hypotension. Renal dysfunction of unknown etiology had been present for 4 years and hemodialysis had been introduced. Severe systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction was apparent, accompanied with dilatation and granular sparkling, but not with left ventricular hypertrophy. The plasma-free light chain κ was found to be extremely high, with a κ/λ ratio of 1,919. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/glumetinib.html Light microscopic examination of the endomyocardial biopsy revealed spotty and homogenous deposits, which positively stained with Congo red, and exhibited a blazing apple-green color under polarized light. Based on these results, cardiac amyloidosis was diagnosed. In specimens prepared for electron microscopy, no amyloid fibrils could be found. Instead, we observed amorphous nonfibrillar deposits around several small vessels including capillaries and small arteries, which were consistent with light-chain deposits. LCDD was diagnosed based on the systemic increase in κ light chain and the ultrastructural findings of the endomyocardial biopsy specimens. Coexistence of cardiac amyloidosis and LCDD was thus confirmed in our patient. An electron microscopic assessment in addition to Congo red staining may be useful to diagnose latent LCDD in patients with suspected cardiac light-chain amyloidosis.Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) are susceptible to various cutaneous side effects as a consequence of long-term immunosuppressive therapy. Skin cancers and infections are well-studied complications that can cause death and/or allograft rejection. Other cutaneous drug reactions, such as inflammatory manifestations, have a high prevalence but are rarely studied. We analyzed these manifestations' prevalence and their association with immunosuppressants in transplant recipients from a Brazilian tertiary center. Among 532 SOTRs followed at our dermatology clinic, 60 (11.3%) developed some cutaneous adverse reactions to the immunosuppressants, with a median age at transplantation of 50.5 years and a median life span posttransplantation of seven years. Acneiform eruption was the most common drug reaction found (21 patients, 30.4%), followed by diffuse non-scarring alopecia (16 patients, 23.1%), lymphedema (10 patients, 14.5%), gingival hyperplasia (7 patients, 10.1%), hypertrichosis (6 patients, 8.7%) and sebaceous hyperplasia (9 patients, 13.