This article presents a systematic literature review of the prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in the adult psychiatric population. Three databases were searched using keywords relating to ADHD and psychiatric disorders. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/aebsf-hcl.html Fifteen studies published before May 2020 met inclusion criteria. Prevalence rates ranged from 6.9 to 38.75%. There was considerable heterogeneity with regards to the assessment methods of ADHD and comorbidities, the sampling as well as inclusion and exclusion of psychiatric comorbidities. Research concluded that ADHD is underdiagnosed in this population. Gender ratios also varied between 1.81 and 12.5 (malefemale). All ADHD prevalence rates for the psychiatric population were considerably higher than the 2.8% estimated for the general adult population. ADHD should be kept in mind for psychiatric patients to ensure accurate diagnosis and optimal treatment options.Key PointsADHD is considerably underdiagnosed in the psychiatric populationGender ratios between 1.81 and 12.5 (malefemale) reported in researchMore research is needed to ascertain if the use of ADHD screening instruments would improve the recognition and treatment of adult ADHD in the psychiatric population. All ADHD prevalence rates for the psychiatric population were considerably higher than the 2.8% estimated for the general adult population. ADHD should be kept in mind for psychiatric patients to ensure accurate diagnosis and optimal treatment options.Key PointsADHD is considerably underdiagnosed in the psychiatric populationGender ratios between 1.81 and 12.5 (malefemale) reported in researchMore research is needed to ascertain if the use of ADHD screening instruments would improve the recognition and treatment of adult ADHD in the psychiatric population. Upper limb (UL) function is one of the health outcomes that matters the most for women with breast cancer. However, a better understanding of the factors contributing to UL dysfunctions in the late stage after breast cancer surgery is needed. This study explores associations between impairment-related and cognition-related factors and UL function in women with pain and myofascial dysfunctions at the affected UL region in this late stage after breast cancer surgery. In forty-one women, UL function (dependent variable) was evaluated by the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire. As independent impairment-related factors, relative excessive arm volume (perimetry), pain intensity (maximum score on the visual analogue scale past week) and humerothoracic elevation and scapular lateral rotation (kinematic analysis) were assessed. As independent cognition-related factors, pain catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale) and pain hypervigilance (Pain Vigilance and Awareness Questionnaire) were evalufunctions in the late stage after breast cancer, assessing pain beliefs is needed. Pain intensity and cognition-related factors are significantly associated with UL function in women with pain and myofascial dysfunctions, indicating the need of assessing pain beliefs in women in the late stage after breast cancer surgery.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONPain intensity and pain-related beliefs, including pain attention and catastrophizing, are related to the severity of upper limb dysfunctions in the late stage after breast cancer surgery.Impairments such as lymphedema and movement restrictions seem not related to upper limb function in the assessed sample.To understand upper limb dysfunctions in the late stage after breast cancer, assessing pain beliefs is needed.Two of the multiple limitations of phytoextraction efficiency (PE %) of TSW polluted soils are (i) low growth of plant performance, (ii) poor bioavailability of excessive essential and heavy metals (ascribed as Category-I and II metals respectively) The current study reports biostimulant role of allochthonous Trichoderma harzianum (F1) and autochthonous Trichoderma pseudokoningii (F2) in growth of Tagetes patula L. and uptake of Category-I & II metals from TSW-soil (0, 5 & 10%). Significantly higher growth (27.5-47.8% dry wt. than Control) and highly significantly higher uptake of Category-I & II metals (72-80% Ca, 32-69% K, 72-76% Na & 73-86% Cd, 63-100% Cr, 72-77% Cu, 73-78% Fe, 43-77% Mg, 22-33% Ni, 70-73% Zn) was observed in T. patula applied with F1 + F2 treatment. The PE (%) parameters viz.specific extraction yield, tolerance and translocation index of Category-I & II metals were higher in plants cultivated on fungal inoculated TSWsoil. The Trichoderma spp. acted as strong biostimulants for enhancing plant growth and conc. of catalase (CAT, 44-52% than control), superoxide dismutase (SOD, 37-43%), soluble proteins (37-68%) and total chlorophyll (10-26%) in T. patula during metal phytoextraction of TSWsoil. Novelty statement Due to multiple socio-economic constraints for effective management of tannery solid waste (TSW), the heavy metal phytoextraction seems to be one of the promising approaches. However, due to complex composition of TSW, that is, with more than 37 components, high pH, multiple types and high conc. of metals; there lies huge challenge of enhancing phytoextraction efficiency (PE %). This can be done by enhancing growth of hyperaccumulator plants and increasing bioavailable fraction of metals. The current study suggests application of selected fungal biostimulants for increasing growth of T. patula while improving bioavailable fraction of the total metal contents of the TSW soil. To explore patient perspectives of the integrated intervention (intervention arm) of a recent randomised clinical trial that found clinically relevant and sustained benefits of a physiotherapist delivered integrated stress inoculation training (SIT) and exercise for people with acute whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) and at risk of poor recovery. Twelve patients from the 53 who participated in the SIT and exercise arm of a randomised controlled trial (StressModex RCT) participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Five main themes were identified "balance between the physical and psychological components," "dealing with stress," "coping with the injury," "pain relief and return to function," and "elements enhancing therapeutic alliance." The majority of patients found the SIT techniques to be helpful in managing stress and pain, coping with their injury, and returning to function. The patients also found the exercises useful and acknowledged the importance of both the physical and the psychological aspects of whiplash injury.