Non-native species are considered a major global threat to biodiversity, and their expansion to new ecosystems has recently increased. However, the effect of non-native species on ecosystem functioning is poorly understood, especially in hyperdiverse tropical ecosystems of which long-term studies are scarce. We analyzed the relationship between richness, biomass, and β-diversity of non-native and native fishes during 16 years in five hyperdiverse tropical shallow lakes. We further elucidated how an observed increase in the proportion of richness, biomass, and β-diversity of non-native over native fishes affect crucial multifunctional processes of lakes (decomposition, productivity). We found a general positive relationship between the richness and biomass of non-native and native fishes. However, the slope of this relationship decreased continuously with time, displaying an increase in non-native species richness and a decrease in native species richness over time. We also detected a negative relationship between the β-diversity of non-native and native fishes over time. Moreover, the increase in the non-nativenative ratio of species richness, biomass, and β-diversity over time decreased ecosystem multifunctionality. Our results suggest that non-native fishes caused a homogenization of the native fish species over time, resulting in impoverishment of ecosystem multifunctionality; in part because non-native fishes are less productive than native ones. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/adenine-sulfate.html Therefore, focus on long-term effects and use of multiple biodiversity facets (α- and β-diversity) are crucial to make reliable predictions of the effects of non-native fish species on native fishes and ecosystem functioning. Macrophages are involved in tissue inflammation and repair through cytokine secretion. However, the contribution of macrophages to healing and osteogenesis after tooth extraction remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the distribution of osteoblastic cells and macrophages in the early healing process after tooth extraction. The maxillary first molars of 6-week-old male mice were extracted. The maxilla was collected 1, 3, and 7 days after extraction. The states of socket healing, localization of osteoblastic markers, and macrophage infiltration were sequentially observed by micro-CT imaging and immunohistochemistry. On day 3 after tooth extraction, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)-positive cells, osteoprogenitor cells at fracture healing, were observed in the socket. Several α-SMA-positive cells also expressed Runx2, the early osteoblast differentiation marker. The infiltration of F4/80-positive, mature macrophages and CD206-positive, M2-like macrophages was noted in the socket. However, CD169-positive muggest the importance of macrophages in healing and bone formation after tooth extraction.The Acacia auriculiformis is a tree common in tropical Asian countries, capable of growing in many different soil types, so it could be used for biomonitoring for high natural radionuclide areas in tropical and subtropical climates. The transfer factor (TF) of radionuclides from soil to A. auriculiformis in eight uranium and rare earth element (REE) mining areas of North Vietnam was investigated. The activity concentrations 226Ra, 238U, 137Cs, 228Ra, and 40K in both soil and A. auriculiformis showed considerable variation. The TFs of these radionuclides also varied in a wide range. In most of the eight areas, the highest TF was observed for 137Cs and 228Ra. While the TFs for 226Ra and 238U were smallest. In addition, the TFs for radionuclides near REE mines were similar to those observed near uranium mines. The TFs for A. auriculiformis were within the ranges of TF reported for other plants, except for 137Cs. Upper neck signs, symptoms and hypomobility have been shown to present with a higher prevalence in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). However, there is currently no evidence of an association between specific TMDs and cervicogenic headache (CGH). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the odds ratio and the relative risk of CGH in patients with specific TMDs. 116 participants, including 74 patients with TMD (pain-related/intraarticular/mixed TMD) and 42 healthy controls took part in this study. The TMD diagnosis was made by senior faculty members of the Dental School according to the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD, while the cervical diagnosis was made by a qualified senior physical therapist. The analysis comprised the evaluation of the odds ratio of CGH among patients with TMD and the relative risk (RR) for CGH during 14-24 months of follow-up. Significantly higher odds ratios of cervicogenic headache were found among pain-related and mixed TMD (12.17 and 10.76, respectively) versus healthy controls. During the 14-24 months of follow-up, there was no significant difference of relative risk for CGH among patients with TMD versus healthy controls. The results support a clear clinical association between painful TMD (pain-related and mixed TMD) and cervicogenic headache. The results support a clear clinical association between painful TMD (pain-related and mixed TMD) and cervicogenic headache.Nickel oxide-graphene oxide (NiO-GO), zinc oxide-graphene oxide (ZnO-GO) and bismuth oxide-graphene oxide (Bi2O3-GO) metal oxide-graphene oxide nanocomposite (MO-GO NC) sensors, operable at room temperature, were synthesized via a simple and cost-effective microwave-assisted combustion method for chemiresistive gas sensor applications. From the measured structural, morphological, and elemental detection properties, the sensors are found capable of detecting various gases. The Bi2O3-GO NC sensor exhibited excellent response over NiO-GO (~20 at 50 ppm) and ZnO-GO NC (~60 at 50 ppm) sensors for detecting NH3. The response of the Bi2O3-GO NC sensor at 50 ppm NH3 in just 14 s operation duration was ~81.23, which is improved 25-fold and 13-fold compared to pristine GO sensors. Additionally, the as-developed Bi2O3-GO NC sensor demonstrates outstanding repeatability and recovery kinetics, attributed to porosity and the combined effects of MO and GO. The sensing mechanism of the Bi2O3-GO NC gas sensors is proposed herein.