Objective To assess the prevalence of potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs) among polypharmacy patients in Jordan using Lexicomp®. Additionally, this study aims to categorize and rate the identified pDDIs according to interaction risk, severity, and reliability. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at six different hospitals representing different public health sectors in Jordan (ministry of health, royal medical services, and university-affiliated hospitals). Polypharmacy patients from outpatient clinics (e.g., cardiology,& and internal medicine) were identified, recruited, and interviewed by clinical pharmacists. pDDIs were assessed using the Lexicomp® mobile application and classified according to interaction risk rating, severity, and reliability rating. Furthermore, the prevalence of pDDIs across chronic medical conditions was assessed. P-value less then 0.05 was considered as significant. Results A total of 801 patients with polypharmacy were identified. The average number of dr at least one pDDI. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/proteinase-k.html Almost half of the detected interactions involved cardiovascular medications. The majority of these pDDIs had moderate severity, with no more than 10% of the interactions requiring therapy modification. © 2019 The Author(s).Although 17 species of Rhopalosiphum (Hemiptera Aphididae) are currently recognized, 85 taxonomic names have been proposed historically. Some species are morphologically similar, especially alate individuals and most synonymies were proposed in catalogues without evidence. This has led to both confusion and difficulty in making accurate species-level identifications. In an attempt to address these issues, we developed a new approach to resolve synonymies based on linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and suggest that this approach may be useful for other taxonomic groups to reassess previously proposed synonymies. We compared 34 valid and synonymized species using 49 measurements and 20 ratios from 1,030 individual aphids. LDA was repeatedly applied to subsets of the data after removing clearly separated groups found in a previous iteration. We found our characters and technique worked well to distinguish among apterae. However, it separated well only those alatae with some distinctive traits, while those apterate which were morphologically similar were not well separated using LDA. Based on our morphological investigation, we transfer R. arundinariae (Tissot, 1933) to Melanaphis supported by details of the wing veination and other morphological traits and propose Melanaphis takahashii Skvarla and Miller as a replacement name for M. arundinariae (Takahashi, 1937); we also synonymize R. momo (Shinji, 1922) with R. nymphaeae (Linnaeus, 1761). Our analyses confirmed many of the proposed synonymies, which will help to stabilize the nomenclature and species concepts within Rhopalosiphum.Background The parasitic wasp genus Aphaereta Foerster, 1863, belongs to the large subfamily Alysiinae Leach, 1815 (Hymenoptera Braconidae) and contains solitary or gregarious endoparasitoids of larvae of cyclorrhaphous Diptera living in decaying organic matter. New information A new species, Aphaereta vondelparkensis sp. n. (Braconidae, Alysiinae, Alysiini), from a city park in the centre of Amsterdam (Vondelpark) is described and illustrated. The species was discovered on a so-called taxon expedition, in which experts and citizen scientists collaborate on taxonomic projects. The finding highlights the fact that new animal species can still be discovered today, even in the busiest park of the capital of one of the best studied European countries. Kees van Achterberg, Menno Schilthuizen, Marrit van der Meer, Richard Delval, Claudia Dias, Marlene Hoynck, Heko Köster, Rudie Maarschall, Norbert Peeters, Peter Venema, Ryan Zaremba, Cristina Beltrami, Florinda Nieuwenhuis, Nicole de Rop, Iva Njunjić, Joris M. Koene.Two new species are added to the narrowly delimited genus Gochnatia. Of these, G. lojaensis sp. nov. represents a northern extension of the genus and tribe into Ecuador and G. recticulifolia sp. nov. occurs in northern Peru. In addition to descriptions for the two new species, a key is provided for all known species in the genus Gochnatia and a pubescence character is noted that clearly separates Gochnatia from Moquiniastrum.A new genus, Xochiquetzallia, for the Brodiaeoideae, Asparagaceae family is here proposed. A taxonomic analysis based on morphology highlights its synapomorphies. The characters that distinguish Xochiquetzallia are the absence of a pith in the gynophore and the presence of an entire stigma. The recognition of Dandya purpusii as a monotypic genus is supported by the development of a short floral tube ( less then 2 mm) and a pith in the gynophore, as well as a divided stigma shared with the other genera of the Milla clade, Bessera, Jaimehintonia, Petronymphe and Milla. A key to its taxonomic determination is given for both the Xochiquetzallia species and the Milla clade genera. Jorge Gutiérrez, Teresa Terrazas.Two new species of Xenophyllum are described from the Andes, X. funkianum sp. nov. from Ecuador and X. lorochaqui sp. nov. from northwestern Argentina. Both species are compared with the morphologically closest taxa and useful characters for their proper identification are provided. Detailed illustrations and distribution maps are also presented, as well as pictures of living plants when available.in English, Spanish ResumenSe describe e ilustra una nueva especie, Eriocoma valdesii sp. nov. La nueva especie se encontró creciendo en laderas calcáreas rocosas y laderas entre 1700–2721 m en Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí y Tamaulipas. La nueva especie es morfológicamente similar a Eriocoma lobata, pero difiere en tener lígulas de (2–) 4.5–8.5 mm de largo con ápices y flósculos agudos a estrechamente agudos y lacerados con un callo puntiagudo. Además, incluimos una clave para las especies de Eriocoma en el noreste de México.A new species of Eumerus, Eumerus druk Smit sp. nov., is described from Bhutan. This species belongs to the bactrianus subgroup of the strigatus species group. Seven species are currently known within this subgroup four European, one of which is also found in the Near East, and three more only known from Tajikistan. The new species extends this disjunct distribution to the east by at least 2,000 km, stretching far beyond the reported Turano-Mediterranean region and into the Himalayas. A diagnosis and a key to all Central and Eastern Palaearctic species of the Eumerus bactrianus subgroup are provided. John Smit, Theo Zeegers, Phurpa Dorji.