OBJECTIVES This study assessed the feasibility and outcomes of performing robotic cardiac surgery without lung isolation using single-lumen (SL) endotracheal tube intubation. METHODS Between 2013 and 2017, 132 patients underwent robotically-assisted atrial septal defect closure. A retrospective analysis was performed of 23 patients (11 males, mean age 30.9 ± 5 years) who underwent robotic surgery with double-lumen (DL) endotracheal tube intubation (group 1) compared with 109 patients (57 males, mean age 32.4 ± 7.5 years) undergoing the same procedure with SL endotracheal intubation (group 2). The patient groups were compared in terms of demographic characteristics, operative data, and complications. The technical feasibility of the robotic procedure without lung isolation was evaluated. RESULTS There were no mortality, intraoperative complication, and conversion. Mean total anesthesia time was significantly decreased in the SL intubation group (238.3 ± 22.4 vs 227.2 ± 21.2 minutes; P = .025). First-pass intubation success was significantly higher in the SL intubation group (17 [73.9%] vs 98 [89.9%] patients; P = .032). Mean ventilation time (10.9 ± 5.3 hours), intensive care unit stay (16.8 ± 10.1 hours), and the length of hospital stay (3.8 ± 1.2 days) was significantly decreased in patients with SL tube (P  less then  .05). Unilateral reexpansion pulmonary edema was observed in five (21.7%) patients with DL tube, whereas no patient with SL tube had this complication. CONCLUSIONS SL endotracheal tube intubation without lung isolation is a feasible and safe airway alternative in robotic cardiac procedures. This approach resulted in shorter anesthesia time, ventilation time and the length of hospital stay. Port placement and robotic set-up can be uneventfully performed without lung isolation. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Impairments in both executive function and parent-child interactions are associated with child externalizing behavior, but few studies have tested the uniqueness of these associations in the first years of life. Addressing these gaps, the current study involved an international sample (N = 438; 218 boys) who, at 14 and 24 months, completed an innovative battery of executive function tasks and were filmed at home in dyadic interaction with their mothers, enabling detailed observational ratings of maternal support. In addition, parents rated infant temperament at 4 months and externalizing behavior at 14 and 24 months. Cross-lagged longitudinal analysis showed a unidirectional developmental association between executive function at 14 months and externalizing behavior at 24 months. In addition, infant negative affect moderated the inverse association between maternal support at 14 months and externalizing behavior at 24 months. The benefits of maternal support were only evident for children with low levels of negative affect in infancy. We discuss this finding in relation to theoretical models that highlight child effects (e.g., models of vantage sensitivity). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Understanding the origins of morphological specializations in mammals is a key goal in evolutionary biology. It can be accomplished by studying dental homology, which is at the core of most evolutionary and developmental studies. Here, we focused on the evolution and development of the specialized dentition of hyraxes for which dental homologies have long been debated, and could have implications on early placental evolution. Specifically, we analysed dental mineralization sequences of the three living genera of hyraxes and 17 fossil species using X-ray computed microtomography. Our results point out the labile position of vestigial upper teeth on jaw bones in extant species, associated with the frequently unusual premolar shape of deciduous canines over 50 Ma of hyracoid evolution. We proposed two evolutionary and developmental hypotheses to explain these original hyracoid dental characteristics. (a) The presence of a vestigial teeth on the maxilla in front of a complex deciduous canine could be interpreted as extra-teeth reminiscent of early placental evolution or sirenians, an order phylogenetically close to hyracoids and showing five premolars. (b) These vestigial teeth could also correspond to third incisors with a position unusually shifted on the maxilla, which could be explained by the dual developmental origin of these most posterior incisors and their degenerated condition. This integrative study allows discussion on the current evolutionary and developmental paradigms associated with the mammalian dentition. It also highlights the importance of nonmodel species to understand dental homologies. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.BACKGROUND Pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is commonly seen in young adults but may also affect adolescents. Our goal was to present results from operated patients, with a focus on the original Limberg flap that we have standardised for the first time. METHODS This study was a retrospective review of 60 teenaged patients who underwent surgery in a single paediatric surgery centre over approximately 15 years. RESULTS Of the 60 patients, 33 (55%) were male and the mean age was 14.20 ± 1.31 (9-17) years. After pilonidal sinus excision, primary repair and Limberg flap were performed in patients, 45 (75%) and 15 (25%) respectively. There were no complications in the patients who underwent the Limberg flap technique, while 49% of the patients who underwent primary repair exhibited complications. The mean follow-up was 6.7 ± 4.8 years. CONCLUSION We standardised the Limberg flap for the first time in children with measurements and considered that it meets ideal expectations not difficult to perform, low complication and recurrence rates, acceptable time to return to normal activities and satisfactory cosmetic results. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cynarin.html We did not identify fewer complications in patients treated with the standard original Limberg flap with epilation, a finding that is comparable with all of the treatment methods reported in the literature related with children. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.