s is required. District hospitals play a significant role in sub-Saharan Africa, providing both emergency and elective surgeries. Most procedures are done under general or spinal anaesthesia, often administered by non-physician clinicians. Depending on countries, surgical care may be provided by medical officers, specialist surgeons and/or non-physician clinicians. Research on safety, quality and volume of surgical and anaesthesia care in this setting is scarce, and more attention to these questions is required. We set out to develop, evaluate and implement a novel application using natural language processing to text mine occupations from the free-text of psychiatric clinical notes. Development and validation of a natural language processing application using General Architecture for Text Engineering software to extract occupations from de-identified clinical records. Electronic health records from a large secondary mental healthcare provider in south London, accessed through the Clinical Record Interactive Search platform. The text mining application was run over the free-text fields in the electronic health records of 341 720 patients (all aged ≥16 years). Precision and recall estimates of the application performance; occupation retrieval using the application compared with structured fields; most common patient occupations; and analysis of key sociodemographic and clinical indicators for occupation recording. Using the structured fields alone, only 14% of patients had occupation recorded. By implementinthe free-text of electronic mental health records, performing with good levels of precision and recall, and applied at scale. This may be used to inform clinical studies relating to the broader social determinants of health using electronic health records. We aimed to detect the incidence and risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development in the suburbs of Beijing. Cohort study with record linkage to incidence data. We performed a 5-year follow-up study in a randomly selected suburban population including 1114 subjects aged ≥18 years living in the suburbs of Beijing. 118 subjects with T2DM at baseline according to the 1999 WHO criteria were excluded, and 895 subjects attended the follow-up assessment in 2012. The non-diabetic subjects at baseline were classified into two groups normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group (n=673) and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) group(n=222).The incidence and risk factors of diabetes development in each group were investigated. A structured questionnaire about sociodemographic characteristics, height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure, oral glucose tolerance test and serum lipid levels. Out of the 895 non-diabetic subjects, 67 developed diabetes with 29 in the NGT group and 38 1000 person-years. Early prevention of diabetes should focus on IGR subjects. Elevated FPG predicted diabetes development for both NGT and IGR subjects. Female sex, overweight/obesity and DBP are risk factors for diabetes development in IGR subjects. Innovative methods are needed for identification of transgender people in administrative records for health research purposes. This study investigated the feasibility of using transgender-specific healthcare utilisation in a Canadian population-based health records database to develop a computable phenotype (CP) and identify the proportion of transgender people within the HIV-positive population as a public health priority. The Comparative Outcomes and Service Utilization Trends (COAST) Study cohort comprises a data linkage between two provincial data sources The British Columbia (BC) Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS Drug Treatment Program, which coordinates HIV treatment dispensation across BC and Population Data BC, a provincial data repository holding individual, longitudinal data for all BC residents (1996-2013). British Columbia, Canada. COAST participants include 13 907 BC residents living with HIV (≥19 years of age) and a 10% random sample comparison group of the HIV-negative general populatioresearch using administrative health data, and offers the potential for much-needed and heretofore unavailable evidence on health status, including HIV status, and the healthcare use and needs of transgender people. The development of a validated CP opens up new opportunities for identifying transgender people for inclusion in population-based health research using administrative health data, and offers the potential for much-needed and heretofore unavailable evidence on health status, including HIV status, and the healthcare use and needs of transgender people. Gallstone disease (cholelithiasis) is common. In most people it is asymptomatic and does not require treatment, but in about 20% it can become symptomatic, causing pain and other complications requiring medical attention and/or surgery. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pf-03084014-pf-3084014.html A proportion of symptomatic people with uncomplicated gallstone disease do not experience further episodes of pain and, therefore, could be treated conservatively. Moreover, surgery carries risks of perioperative and postoperative complications. C-Gall is a pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation to assess whether cholecystectomy is cost-effective compared with observation/ conservative management (here after referred to as medical management) at 18 months post-randomisation (with internal pilot). Patient-reported quality of life (QoL) (36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) bodily pain domain) up to 18 months after randomisation.The primary economic outcome is incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year gained at 18 months. Secondarysecondary outcomes will be analysed using generalised linear models with adjustment for minimisation and baseline variables, as appropriate. Statistical significance will be at the two-sided 5% level with corresponding CIs. The North of Scotland Research Ethics Committee approved this study (16/NS/0053). The dissemination plans include Health Technology Assessment monograph, international scientific meetings and publications in high-impact, open-access journals. ISRCTN55215960; pre-results. ISRCTN55215960; pre-results.