Articular cartilage defects remain a clinical challenge. Articular cartilage defects progress to osteoarthritis, which negatively (e.g., remarkable pain, decreased mobility, distress) affects millions of people worldwide and is associated with excessive healthcare costs. Surgical procedures and cell-based therapies have failed to deliver a functional therapy. To this end, tissue engineering therapies provide a promise to deliver a functional cartilage substitute. Among the various scaffold fabrication technologies available, electrospinning is continuously gaining pace, as it can produce nano- to micro- fibrous scaffolds that imitate architectural features of native extracellular matrix supramolecular assemblies and can deliver variable cell populations and bioactive molecules. Herein, we comprehensively review advancements and shortfalls of various electrospun scaffolds in cartilage engineering. Copyright © 2020 Yilmaz and Zeugolis.Virtual reality is used to manipulate sensorimotor interactions in a controlled manner. A critical issue is represented by the extent to which virtual scenarios must conform to physical realism to allow ecological human-machine interactions. Among the physical constraints, Earth gravity is one of the most pervasive and significant for sensorimotor coordination. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/vorapaxar.html However, it is still unclear whether visual perception is sensitive to the level of gravity acting on target motion displayed in virtual reality, given the poor visual discrimination of accelerations. To test gravity sensitivity, we asked participants to hit a virtual ball rolling down an incline and falling in air, and to report whether ball motion was perceived as natural or unnatural. We manipulated the gravity level independently for the motion on the incline and for the motion in air. The ball was always visible during rolling, whereas it was visible or occluded during falling before interception. The scene included several cues allowing metric carotocols. Copyright © 2020 La Scaleia, Ceccarelli, Lacquaniti and Zago.The use of drug delivery vehicles to improve the efficacy of drugs and to target their action at effective concentrations over desired periods of time has been an active topic of research and clinical investigation for decades. Both synthetic and natural drug delivery materials have facilitated locally controlled as well as targeted drug delivery. Extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules have generated widespread interest as drug delivery materials owing to the various biological functions of ECM. Hydrogels created using ECM molecules can provide not only biochemical and structural support to cells, but also spatial and temporal control over the release of therapeutic agents, including small molecules, biomacromolecules, and cells. In addition, the modification of drug delivery carriers with ECM fragments used as cell-binding ligands has facilitated cell-targeted delivery and improved the therapeutic efficiency of drugs through interaction with highly expressed cellular receptors for ECM. The combination of ECM-derived hydrogels and ECM-derived ligand approaches shows synergistic effects, leading to a great promise for the delivery of intracellular drugs, which require specific endocytic pathways for maximal effectiveness. In this review, we provide an overview of cellular receptors that interact with ECM molecules and discuss examples of selected ECM components that have been applied for drug delivery in both local and systemic platforms. Finally, we highlight the potential impacts of utilizing the interaction between ECM components and cellular receptors for intracellular delivery, particularly in tissue regeneration applications. Copyright © 2020 Hwang, Sullivan and Kiick.High quality attenuated intracellular action potentials from large cell networks can be recorded on multi-electrode arrays by means of 3D vertical nanopillars using electrical pulses. However, most of the techniques require complex 3D nanostructures that prevent the straightforward translation into marketable products and the wide adoption in the scientific community. Moreover, 3D nanostructures are often delicate objects that cannot sustain several harsh use/cleaning cycles. On the contrary, laser optoacoustic poration allows the recording of action potentials on planar nanoporous electrodes made of noble metals. However, these constraints of the electrode material and morphology may also hinder the full exploitation of this methodology. Here, we show that optoacoustic poration is also very effective for porating cells on a large family of MEA electrode configurations, including robust electrodes made of nanoporous titanium nitride or disordered fractal-like gold nanostructures. This enables the recording of high quality cardiac action potentials in combination with optoacoustic poration, providing thus attenuated intracellular recordings on various already commercial devices used by a significant part of the research and industrial communities. Copyright © 2020 Melle, Bruno, Maccaferri, Iachetta, Colistra, Barbaglia, Dipalo and De Angelis.Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the important types of liver cancer. LncRNA is an important regulatory factor that regulates many biological processes such as tumor cells during tumorigenesis and metastasis. LINC00346 has been associated with various types of liver cancer, but its role and regulatory mechanism in HCC remain unclear. In our study, we found the LINC00356-miR-199a-3p-CDK1/CCNB1 axis through bioinformatics analysis. The expressions of LINC00356, miR-199a-3p, CDK1, and CCNB1 in HCC and normal hepatocytes were determined by qRT-PCR and WB. The results showed that LINC00356, CDK1 and CCNB1 were highly expressed in HCC, while miR-199a-3p was lowly expressed. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay, RIP and RNA-pull down assays demonstrated the targeted binding relationship of LINC00346-miR-199a-3p-CDK1/CCNB1. Overexpressing LINC00460 and silencing miR-199a-3p promoted cell invasion, inhibited apoptosis of HCC, and arrested the cell cycle in S phase while opposite results were obtained when silencing LINC00346, CDK1, and CCNB1. LINC00346 indirectly affects liver cancer by promoting the expression of CDK1/CCNB1 through competitive adsorption of miR-199a-3p. In addition, the study also demonstrated that overexpression of LINC00346 indirectly inhibited the expression of p53 and p21 proteins by promoting CDK1/CCNB1 expressions, thereby blocking the p53 signaling pathway. These results proved that LINC00346 could regulate the expression of CDK1/CCNB1 through the competitive adsorption of miR-199a-3p, thereby affecting the p53 signaling pathway and finally regulating the apoptosis, invasion and cell cycle of HCC cells. In conclusion, LINC00346 can be used as a tumor promoter and potential therapeutic target for HCC metastasis and prognosis. Copyright © 2020 Jin, Xu, Li, Xu, Liu and Wei.