For a small number of melanosome layers, the reflectance band shape is particularly sensitive to the properties of the uppermost layer, which provides a simple mechanism for tuning the feather colours.The electrochemical reduction of nitrobenzene (NBER) holds great promise for not only removing toxic pollutants, but also producing valuable aniline, in which the development of catalysts with high-efficiency still remains a huge challenge. In this work, by means of density functional theory (DFT) computations, we proposed several single transition metal (TM) atoms embedded into the single vacancy of graphene with nitrogen-doping (TMN3/G, TM = Ni, Cu, Pd, and Pt) as the catalysts for NBER. Our results revealed that, among these candidates, PtN3/G is the most active catalyst for the NBER due to its smallest limiting potential (-0.21 V), in which the hydrogenation of Ph-NO2* to Ph-NOOH* is identified as the potential-determining step. Compared with other catalysts, the strongest binding strength of Ph-NOOH* with PtN3/G is responsible for its superior catalytic activity towards NBER, which can be deeply understood on the basis of the corresponding electronic structure analysis. Thus, PtN3/G is a quite promising single-atom-catalyst with high efficiency for nitrobenzene reduction, which provides a rational paradigm for converting harmful nitrobenzene to valuable aniline under ambient conditions.Because of their low cost and Earth-abundant characteristics, materials based on 3d transition metals have attracted great research interest and are considered as promising electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), besides the commercial noble metal-based materials, in recent years. In order to improve electrocatalytic activity, it is necessary to design the structures and compositions of electrocatalysts. In this study, a series of multi-shelled CoxNi1-x oxide/phosphide hollow spheres with tunable element ratios were prepared. The electrocatalytic activity of the multi-shelled CoxNi1-x oxide/phosphide is strongly dependent on the molar ratio of Co and Ni. Based on the combined advantages of complex structures and compositions, the multi-shelled Co0.5Ni0.5 oxide/phosphide displays outstanding electrocatalytic performance in terms of high activity and stable durability for the OER, surpassing those of RuO2 and multi-shelled CoxNi1-x oxide/phosphide with other element ratios of Co and Ni. This result suggests a great possibility of rationally designing the composition for highly efficient electrocatalysts.Searching for two-dimensional (2D) materials with a high phase-transition temperature and magnetic anisotropy is critical to the development of spintronics. Herein, we investigate the electronic and magnetic properties of 2D TiX3 (X = F, Cl, Br and I) monolayers based on density-functional theory (DFT). We show that the 2D TiX3 monolayers are stable dynamically and thermodynamically as evidenced by phonon and molecular dynamics calculations, respectively, and show their semiconducting nature. We find that the TiBr3 and TiI3 monolayers are ferromagnetic with magnetic anisotropy out of plane, which are intrinsic without the need for external intervention. The magnetic anisotropy energies of the TiBr3 and TiI3 monolayers are 0.8 and 2.5 meV per s.f., respectively. The Curie temperatures of TiBr3 and TiI3 are 75 K and 90 K, respectively. We further show that the interlayer magnetic coupling and magnetic anisotropy energies (MAE) of the bilayer TiI3 can be tuned by the interlayer distance. Additionally, a two-step transition in the magnetic state is observed in the bilayer TiI3 with AB' stacking under applied strain in a vertical direction. It is expected that our design may enrich two-dimensional functional materials, which may find versatile applications.A novel noncentrosymmetric (NCS) metal-free formic-borate, (NH4)3[B(OH)3]2(COOH)3, has been discovered, which exhibits an infrequent graphite-like structure. The alliance of two types of π-conjugated planar anions BO33- and COOH- produced an optimized layered structure to maximize the anisotropic polarizability, resulting in an extremely large birefringence (0.156@546 nm), larger than that of the classical commercial UV birefringent material α-BBO (0.122@546 nm). This strategy that structural optimization could enhance birefringence will guide the discovery of large birefringence materials, especially in the UV region.We report a two-photon responsive drug delivery system (DDS), namely, p-hydroxyphenacyl-naphthalene-chlorambucil (pHP-Naph-Cbl), having a two-photon absorption (TPA) cross-section of ≥20 GM in the phototherapeutic window (700 nm). Our DDS exhibited both AIE and ESIPT phenomena, which were utilized for the real-time monitoring of anti-cancer drug release.The flow behavior of blood is determined mainly by red blood cell (RBC) deformation and aggregation as well as blood viscoelasticity. These intricately interdependent parameters should be monitored by healthcare providers to understand all aspects of circulatory flow dynamics under numerous cases including cardiovascular and infectious diseases. Current medical instruments and microfluidic systems lack the ability to quantify these parameters all at once and in physiologically relevant flow conditions. This work presents a handheld platform and a measurement method for quantitative analysis of multiple of these parameters from 50 μl undiluted blood inside a miniaturized channel. The assay is based on an optical transmission analysis of collective RBC deformation and aggregation under near-infrared illumination during a 1 s damped oscillatory flow and at stasis, respectively. Measurements with blood of different hemo-rheological properties demonstrate that the presented approach holds a potential for initiating simultaneous and routine on-chip blood flow analysis even in resource-poor settings.α-Phase molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3) is one of the promising anode materials for lithium storage due to its high theoretical capacity and unique intercalation reaction mechanism. Herein, through an efficient step-by-step solvothermal synthesis strategy, multi-layered MoO3 nanosheets are encapsulated by nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) and ultrathin TiO2 double-shells to obtain hierarchical core-shell nanospheres (MoO3@TiO2@NC). The unique nanostructure enables shortening the Li+ diffusion distance, buffer the volume change during the intercalation/deintercalation process, and increase the active sites for the electrochemical reaction. Based on the hierarchical nanostructure and the synergistic effect of each component, the MoO3@TiO2@NC electrode exhibits a high Li+ storage capacity around 979.6 mA h g-1 after 200 cycles at 0.2 A g-1, a stable cycle performance of 800.3 mA h g-1 at 1 A g-1 after 700 cycles and an excellent rate capability of 418.0 mA h g-1 at 5 A g-1. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/PD-98059.html Furthermore, the MoO3@TiO2@NC-based coin-type full cell with a commercial LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathode exhibited a good cycling stability at 0.