Ammonia and thermal stress frequently have harmful effects on aquatic animals. The intestine is an important barrier allowing the body to defend against stress. In this study, we investigated the intestinal microbiota and transcriptomic and metabolomic responses of Litopenaeus vannamei subjected to individual and combined ammonia and thermal stress. The results showed that obvious variation in the intestinal microbiota was observed after stress exposure, with increased levels of Firmicutes and decreased levels of Bacteroidetes and Planctomycetes. Several genera of putatively beneficial bacteria (Demequina, Weissella and Bacteroides) were abundant, while Formosa, Kriegella, Ruegeria, Rhodopirellula and Lutimonas were decreased; pathogenic bacteria of the genus Vibrio were increased under individual stress but decreased under combined stress. The intestinal transcriptome revealed several immune-related differentially expressed genes associated with the peritrophic membrane and antimicrobial processes in contrasting accessions. Haemolymph metabolomic analysis showed that stress exposure disturbed the metabolic processes of the shrimp, especially amino acid metabolism. This study provides insight into the underlying mechanisms associated with the intestinal microbiota, immunity and metabolism of L.vannamei in response to ammonia and thermal stress; ten stress-related metabolite markers were identified, including L-lactic acid, gulonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, l-lysine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, methylmalonic acid, trans-cinnamate, N-acetylserotonin, adenine, and dihydrouracil.In this work, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) loose nanofiltration (NF) hollow fiber membranes with multilayer structure were prepared successfully based on a solvent-free process. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/AS703026.html Graphene oxide (GO) was used to cover the interface pores of the pristine PVDF membranes via vacuum filtration, and polypyrrole (PPy) was polymerized on the surface to further decorate the membrane structure. Interestingly, the modified membranes exhibited a multilayer structure due to synergistic effect of GO and PPy. The structure and property of PVDF loose NF membranes were investigated in detail. After modifying by GO and PPy, the hydrophilicity improved obviously. Moreover, the molecular weight cut off (MWCO) was about 3580 Da, and the smallest pore size of skin layer decreased to 2.5-4 nm. Furthermore, the PVDF loose NF hollow fiber membranes presented a high dye rejection (˃98.5%) for negative dyes, whereas a low salt rejection for NaCl (about 4%), showing a great potential for separating dye/salt accurately. Specifically, there were not any solvent used in all the preparation processes. The work offered a novel strategy for green preparation of loose NF membranes.Despite the benefits of green roofs in managing stormwater quality, green roofs especially at their early age might leach nutrients. Research in this regard is still very limited. Therefore, this paper conducted both the laboratory and field observations to characterize and model the leaching of nutrients including nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) and to examine the discrepancy in knowledge produced from these two settings. The experiment revealed that the higher the initial nutrient contents of media were, the higher the degree of nutrient leaching was. The nutrient leaching from both the laboratory cells and the field green roof declined temporally, which was largely explained by the cumulative inflow. The semi-physically based nutrient leaching model generally captured the nutrient leaching from both the laboratory cells (R2 in the range of 0.87-0.98) and the field green roof (R2 in the range of 0.28-0.86). The mass balance analysis for the laboratory cells demonstrated that the masses of nutrients leached in outflow were 85-112% of the nutrients reduced in media in general (except P of two laboratory cells). The analysis and modeling results supported that media was the primary source for nutrients leached and the pattern of nutrient leaching was consistent with wash-off being the dominant process. The results also revealed the difference in the P leaching between the laboratory cells and the field green roof. Apart from the wash-off, other chemical and biological processes and/or nutrient sources might play non-negligible roles on the P leaching of the field green roof, implied by the relatively low performance of the models (R2 of approximately 0.30 in both the regression analysis and the nutrient leaching model). The difference observed between the laboratory experiment and the field observation also calls into attention when translating knowledge derived from laboratory experiments into real practice.Malting sludge is waste that could be used as a good soil conditioner after proper treatment. In the current study, the feasibility of vermicomposting malting sludge and its mixtures with straw pellets on the basis of physico-chemical and biological properties was verified. A vermicomposting system with continuous feeding of earthworms Eisenia andrei was used. The greatest number and biomass of earthworms was found in the variant with 25% malt house sludge + 75% straw pellets (on average of all layers 320 earthworms/kg and 35 g/kg, respectively), followed by a variant with 50% malt house sludge + 50% straw pellets (on average of all layers 47 earthworms/kg and 13 g/kg, respectively), indicating that a minimum of 50% (vol.) straw pellets is necessary for successful vermicomposting of malting sludge. Most earthworms lived in the youngest upper layer (42% and 52% of total number and earthworm biomass, respectively). On the contrary, the oldest bottom layers (final vermicomposts) after 180 days of vermicomposting were characterized by maturity, indicating lesser contents of microorganisms and enzyme activity. These vermicomposts had favorable agrochemical properties (pH = 7.8, EC = 1.2 mS cm-1, C/N = 11, Ptot = 1.23%, Ktot = 2.55%, Mgtot = 0.42%). The proportion of the available contents in the total contents were 10%, 59%, and 19% for P, K, and Mg, respectively.Brazilian municipalities face several difficulties while carrying out the municipal selective waste collection (MSWC); at the same time, waste pickers organizations (WPOs) need to overcome many challenges to compete in the waste management market. In order to reach the requirements of the Brazilian National Solid Waste Policy (NSWP), it is necessary to know which factors interfere in the performance of MSWC programs and WPOs to understand the relationships between these factors. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the sustainability of MSWC programs and WPOs in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil, and propose a new methodological strategy. For data collection, questionnaires were given to municipal civil workers from 24 municipalities and managers of 23 WPOs to calculate sustainability indicators and their correlations. Means and frequencies were calculated to analyze indicators in relation to sustainability; peer-to-peer correlation analyses were performed to the construct graphs that obtained correlation coefficients, which were applied to study the normality distribution.