Ionic motion significantly contributes to conductivity in devices such as memory, switches, and rechargeable batteries. In our work, we experimentally demonstrate that intense terahertz electric-field transients can be used to manipulate ions in a superionic conductor, namely Na^+ β-alumina. The cations trapped in the local potential minima are accelerated using single-cycle terahertz pulses, thereby inducing a macroscopic current flow on a subpicosecond timescale. Our results clearly show that single-cycle terahertz pulses can be used to significantly modulate the nature of superionic conductors and could possibly serve as a basic tool for application in future electronic devices.Ab initio nuclear physics tackles the problem of strongly interacting four-component fermions. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ag-1478-tyrphostin-ag-1478.html The same setting could foreseeably be probed experimentally in ultracold atomic systems, where two- and three-component experiments have led to major breakthroughs in recent years. Both due to the problem's inherent interest and as a pathway to nuclear physics, in this Letter we study four-component fermions at unitarity via the use of quantum Monte Carlo methods. We explore novel forms of the trial wave function and find one which leads to a ground state of the eight-particle system whose energy is almost equal to that of two four-particle systems. We investigate the clustering properties involved and also extrapolate to the zero-range limit. In addition to being experimentally testable, our results impact the prospects of developing nuclear physics as a perturbation around the unitary limit.Optical absorption measurements characterize a wide variety of systems from atomic gases to in vivo diagnostics of living organisms. Here we study the potential of nonclassical techniques to reduce statistical noise below the shot-noise limit in absorption measurements with concomitant phase shifts imparted by a sample. We consider both cases where there is a known relationship between absorption and a phase shift, and where this relationship is unknown. For each case we derive the fundamental limit and provide a practical strategy to reduce statistical noise. Furthermore, we find an intuitive correspondence between measurements of absorption and of lossy phase shifts, which both show the same analytical form for precision enhancement for bright states. Our results demonstrate that nonclassical techniques can aid real-world tasks with present-day laboratory techniques.Focusing on semiclassical systems, we show that the parametrically long exponential growth of out-of-time order correlators (OTOCs), also known as scrambling, does not necessitate chaos. Indeed, scrambling can simply result from the presence of unstable fixed points in phase space, even in a classically integrable model. We derive a lower bound on the OTOC Lyapunov exponent, which depends only on local properties of such fixed points. We present several models for which this bound is tight, i.e., for which scrambling is dominated by the local dynamics around the fixed points. We propose that the notion of scrambling be distinguished from that of chaos.We show the emergence of reaction hot spots induced by three-dimensional (3D) vortices with a simple A+B→C reaction. We conduct microfluidics experiments to visualize the spatial map of the reaction rate with a chemiluminescence reaction and cross validate the results with direct numerical simulations. 3D vortices form at spiral-saddle-type stagnation points, and the 3D vortex flow topology is essential for initiating reaction hot spots. The effect of vortices on mixing and reaction becomes more vigorous for rough-walled channels, and our findings are valid over wide ranges of channel dimensions and Damköhler numbers.OBJECTIVE Rape-survivor identity is a sign of recovery and positive therapeutic progress among rape victims. This study is one of the few to focus on factors predicting self-labeling as a survivor among self-acknowledged rape victims by evaluating the contribution of the time span of the rape narrative, rape terminology, and expression of faith. METHOD The data were elicited from 3,794 rape narratives published on Brave Miss World, a website established, inter alia, to allow rape victims to share their stories. To identify the key concepts within rape narratives, we performed text mining based on natural language processing (NLP) and developed a model. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the model's goodness-of-fit analysis. RESULTS The results indicated a good fit between the theoretical model and the data. Time predicted expressions of faith and the use of rape terminology, and there was a positive correlation between faith and the use of rape terminology. Both expressions of faith and the use of rape terminology mediated between time span and self-labeling as a survivor, with a significant positive effect on self-labeling as a survivor. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that addressing rape-victim faith and the use of rape terminology in the depiction of their sexual trauma may be beneficial for the therapeutic process and postrape recovery. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).OBJECTIVE United States veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are at elevated risk for high-risk sexual behavior (HRSB). Although quantitative research has examined relationships between PTSD symptoms and HRSB, qualitative research to understand the lived experiences of veterans with PTSD symptoms and HRSB has not been conducted. METHOD Qualitative interviews were conducted with N = 29 male veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom or Operation Iraqi Freedom who had PTSD symptoms and reported recent HRSB. The interviews were analyzed using a phenomenological framework. RESULTS Six themes emerged (a) avoiding social contact due to feeling different since return from service; (b) effortful self-management; (c) supportive relationships; (d) sex as a means to an end; (e) sex, risk, and intimacy; and (f) responsibility and growth. CONCLUSION Male veterans with PTSD symptoms and HRSB reported engagement in significant self-management to reengage in life, and still reported high levels of difficulty in relationships.