Despite decades of research on the identification of specific characteristics of situations that trigger a physiological stress response (novelty, unpredictability, threat to the ego, and sense of low control [NUTS]), no integrative research has examined the validity of this framework applied to pain experiences. This study aimed to 1) explore the stressful characteristics of pain among individuals living with chronic pain and 2) examine whether the NUTS framework comprehensively captures the stressful nature of pain. Participants were 41 adult participants living with chronic pain. Interviews in six focus groups were conducted in French using a semistructured interview guide. Participants first discussed how pain is stressful. Then, they were introduced to the NUTS framework and commented on the extent to which it captured their experience. The verbatim transcriptions of interviews were reviewed using reflexive thematic analysis. Analyses were conducted in French; quotes and themes were translated intotegration of pain and stress research. The optimal magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) sequence for assessing the aneurysm occlusion state or in-stent flow after endovascular coiling is not well established. To evaluate the diagnostic performance of pointwise encoding time reduction with radial acquisition (PETRA)-MRA in patients who underwent endovascular coiling relative to that of time-of-flight (TOF)-MRA and contrast-enhanced (CE)-MRA. We evaluated the aneurysm occlusion state using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and MRA. In patients who underwent stent-assisted coiling, we estimated the visibility of in-stent flow. We enrolled 189 patients with assessable TOF, PETRA, and CE-MRAs after coiling. In patients who underwent simple coiling (128 patients), PETRA showed a higher sensitivity in the detection of residual flow than TOF and CE (PETRA, 100%; CE, 83%; TOF, 80%). There were no significant differences in the height of residual flow between DSA (0.68± 1.45mm) and PETRA (0.70± 1.50mm; P=1.000). In patients who underwent stent-assisted coiling (61 patients), PETRA showed the highest sensitivity (88%) in detecting residual flow (CE, 56%; TOF, 31%). Regarding in-stent flow, PETRA, CE, and TOF showed visual scores of≥3 with frequencies of 96.7%, 85.2%, and 37.7%, respectively. Relative signal-to-noise ratio of PETRA (0.62± 0.18) was significantly higher than that of CE (0.56± 0.12) and TOF (0.39± 0.12; P <.001 for both). PETRA-MRA showed excellent diagnostic performance in terms of residual flow detection and in-stent flow assessment. PETRA could be a versatile alternative sequence for following up patients with coiled aneurysm. PETRA-MRA showed excellent diagnostic performance in terms of residual flow detection and in-stent flow assessment. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/protac-tubulin-degrader-1.html PETRA could be a versatile alternative sequence for following up patients with coiled aneurysm.The poor predictive power of existing preclinical models has spurred efforts to develop human-relevant models for accurate assessment of drug safety. In this work, we developed a multi-organoids-on-a-chip system derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), which allows for the assessment of the cardiac safety of an antidepressant drug, following liver metabolism in vitro. This liver-heart organoids-on-chip device contains compartmentalized chambers separated by a porous membrane, which permits the co-culture of 3D human liver organoids in the upper multi-well chamber and cardiac organoids in the bottom micropillar array simultaneously. The co-cultured liver and heart organoids on chip maintained good viability and human organ-specific functions respectively, including the synthesis of albumin and urea of liver organoids, and the beating function of cardiac organoids. In particular, the liver organoids displayed proper metabolic capabilities with high expression of CYP450 enzyme genes. Clomipramine, a widely used antidepressant drug, can be metabolized into an active metabolite (desmethylclomipramine) through the hepatic CYP450 enzymes of liver organoids on chip identified by mass spectrometry. After exposure to 1 μM clomipramine in the liver chamber for 24 h and 48 h, the co-cultured heart organoids in the bottom layer showed significantly reduced cell viability, impaired functions of cardiac beating and calcium flux, indicating the hepatic metabolism-dependent cardiotoxicity induced by clomipramine. By combining stem cell biology and microengineered technology, this proposed hiPSC-derived multi-organoids-on-a-chip system can reflect human organ-specific functions, as well as the complex process of drug metabolism and responses at the multi-organ level. It may provide a novel platform for the assessment of drug effectiveness and safety in vitro.Nanostructured materials have interesting optical and electronic properties that are often drastically different from those of their bulk counterparts. While bulk organic/inorganic semiconductor composites have attracted much attention in the past decade, the preparation of organic/inorganic semiconductor nanocomposites (OISNs) still remains challenging. This work presents an assembly method for the co-encapsulation of titanium dioxide dots (TDs) with a cyano-substituted soluble conjugated polymer (CSCP) into a particular nanoparticle. The as-prepared CSCP/TD semiconductor nanocomposites (CSCP/TD NCs) exhibit different particle surfaces and morphologies depending on the mass ratio of the CSCP to TDs. We then tested them as photocatalysts for sacrificial hydrogen production from water. We found that nanocomposites outperformed nanoparticles of the individual components and physical mixtures thereof. The most active CSCP/TD NC had a catalytic H2 production rate that was 4.25 times higher than that of pure polymer nanoparticles prepared under the same conditions. We ascribe this to energy transfer between the semiconductors, where direct phase contact is essential, highlighting a potential avenue for using soluble, visible light-absorbing conjugated organic polymers to build Z-schemes for overall water splitting in the future.