l-Arabinose, a major constituent pentose of plant cell-wall polysaccharides, has been suggested to be a less preferred carbon source for fungi but to be a potential signalling molecule that can cause distinct genome-wide transcriptional changes in fungal cells. Here, we explore the possibility that this unique pentose influences the morphological characteristics of the phytopathogenic fungus Bipolaris maydis strain HITO7711. When grown on plate media under different sugar conditions, the mycelial dry weight of cultures on l-arabinose was as low as that with no sugar, suggesting that l-arabinose does not substantially contribute to vegetative growth. However, the intensity of conidiation on l-arabinose was comparable to or even higher than that on d-glucose and on d-xylose, in contrast to the poor conidiation under the no-sugar condition. To explore the physiological basis of the passive growth and active conidiation on l-arabinose, we next investigated cellular responses of the fungus to these sugar conditions. Transcriptional analysis of genes related to carbohydrate metabolism showed that l-arabinose stimulates carbohydrate utilization through the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMP shunt), a catabolic pathway parallel to glycolysis and which participates in the generation of the reducing agent NADPH (the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate). https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bufalin.html Then, the HMP shunt was impaired by disrupting the related gene BmZwf1, which encodes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in this fungus. The resulting mutants on l-arabinose showed remarkably decreased conidiation, but a conversely increased mycelial dry weight compared with the wild-type. Our study demonstrates that l-arabinose acts to enhance resource allocation to asexual reproduction in B. maydis HITO7711 at the cost of vegetative growth, and suggests that this is mediated by the concomitant stimulation of the HMP shunt.A novel bacterium, designated strain ANT13_2T, was isolated from a phenanthrene-degrading consortium enriched from a soil sample collected near the Great Wall Station located in the southwestern area of King George Island, Antarctica. Following a polyphasic taxonomic study, a novel species belonging to the genus Paeniglutamicibacter was described. The strain was a Gram-stain-positive bacterium that exhibited a rod-coccus growth cycle. Strain ANT13_2T grew aerobically at an optimum temperature of 20-25 °C and at pH 7.0-8.0. Ribose, arabinose and glucose were detected as whole-cell sugars. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9. The diagnostic phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified phospholipid. The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15  0 (67.7 %) and anteiso-C17  0 (11.2 %). The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 60.6 mol%. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain ANT13_2T showed the highest similarities to Paeniglutamicibacter antarcticus SPC26T (98.9 %) followed by Paeniglutamicibacter gangotriensis Lz1yT (98.4 %), Paeniglutamicibacter sulfureus DSM 20167T (98.3%) and Paeniglutamicibacter kerguelensis KGN15T (97.9 %). The average nucleotide identity values between strain ANT13_2T and the type strains of P. antarcticus SPC26T and P. gangotriensis Lz1yT were 73.8 and 77.5 %, respectively, which are well below the 95-96 % species circumscription threshold. On the basis of this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain ANT13_2T is proposed to represent a novel species to be named Paeniglutamicibacter terrestris sp. nov. The type strain is ANT13_2T (=TBRC 11756T=NBRC 114615T).A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated JH1-1T, was isolated from a forest soil sample collected in Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. Strain JH1-1T could grow at 10-35 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), pH 4.5-8.5 and tolerated 5 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain JH1-1T was most closely related to members of the genus Arthrobacter, namely Arthrobacter alkaliphilus LC6T (98.5 % similarity), Arthrobacter methylotrophus TGAT (98.4 %), Arthrobacter ramosus CCM 1646T (97.8 %), Arthrobacter bambusae THG-GM18T (97.5 %) and Arthrobacter pokkalii P3B162T (97.3 %). The strain grew well on Reasoner's 2A agar, tryptone soya agar, nutrient agar, Mueller-Hinton agar and Luria-Bertani agar. The major polar lipid profile comprised phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, unidentified phospholipid and unidentified glycolipids. The major respiratory quinone was MK-9(H2). The main fatty acids were C15  0 anteiso, C15  0 iso, C16  0 iso and C17 0 anteiso. The DNA G+C content of the isolated strain based on the whole genome sequence was 63.6 mol%. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain JH1-1T and its reference type strains ranged from 81.3 to 85.4 % and from 21.1 to 29.1 %, respectively. Based on phenotypic, chemotypic and genotypic evidence, strain JH1-1T could be differentiated phylogenetically and phenotypically from the recognized species of the genus Arthrobacter. Therefore, strain JH1-1T is considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Arthrobacter terricola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JH1-1T (=KACC 21385T=JCM 33641T).Introduction. Tuberculosis (TB) control is a challenge, especially in vulnerable populations, such as prisoners.Hypothesis. In prison houses, the transmission of micro-organisms that cause infectious diseases can occur due to the susceptibility and immune compromise of prisoners, and due to the precarious physical conditions of the prison houses. However, strategies such as monitoring by health professionals, can mitigate the transmission of these micro-organisms, as well as, reduce the number of coinfections and antimicrobials resistance.Aim. This study attempted to analyse the dynamics of transmission and the antimicrobial resistance profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains obtained from prisoners and to characterize the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory profiles of prisoners diagnosed with TB.Methodology. A cross-sectional and retrospective study was conducted with sputum samples collected from 228 distinct prisoners who were treated at the Health Unit located in the Regional Penitentiary of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.