Moreover, SiNPs triggered oxidative stress as confirmed by the dose-dependent ROS generation, down-regulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) signaling, together with GSH depletion in SiNPs-treated BEAS-2B cells. Oxidative DNA damage and cell membrane dis-integrity were also detected in response to SiNPs exposure, which was correspondingly in agreed with the elevated 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and decreased phospholipids screened through metabolic analysis. Thereby, we successfully used the metabolomics approaches to manifest SiNPs-elicited toxicity through oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage and rupture of membrane integrity in BEAS-2B cells. Overall, our study provided novel insights into the mechanism underlying SiNPs-induced pulmonary toxicity.Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely studied because of their potential applications. The increasing applications of CNTs and less known of their environmental fates rise concerns about their safety. In this study, the biotransformation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by Labrys sp. WJW was investigated. Within 16 days, qPCR analysis showed that cell numbers increased 4.92 ± 0.36 folds using 100 mg/L MWCNTs as the sole carbon source. The biotransformation of MWCNTs, which led to morphology and functional group change, was evidenced by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. Raman spectra illustrated that more defects and disordered carbon appeared on MWCNTs during incubation. The underlying biotransformation mechanism of MWCNTs through an extracellular bacterial Fenton-like reaction was demonstrated. In this bacteria-mediated reaction, the OH production was induced by reduction of H2O2 involved a continuous cycle of Fe(II)/Fe(III). Bacterial biotransformation of MWCNTs will provide new insights into the understanding of CNTs bioremediation processes.Seabirds form large colonies during the reproductive period, producing substantial changes in coastal ecosystems. The present study quantifies the amount of N and P deposited in colonies of yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis) in the Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park (AINP). Based on the composition of droppings, the amount of total N (TN), total P (TP) and bioavailable P (Pbio) deposited directly on the area occupied by the colony was determined. In addition, the amount of NH3 released into the atmosphere was also estimated by applying a bioenergetic model. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/crenolanib-cp-868596.html The results indicated that 5.35 t total N, 3.35 t total P and 1.24 t bioavailable P are deposited in the colony annually. The archipelagos that received the greatest amount of nutrients were the Cíes Islands (2.37 t TN y-1, 1.48 t TP y-1, 0.55 t Pbio y-1), Sálvora (1.94 t TN y-1, 1.22 t TP y-1, 0.55 t Pbio y-1) and Ons (1.04 t TN y-1, 0.65 TP y-1, 0.24 t Pbio y-1). Rainwater from the colonies showed higher values of nutrients than in the control plot, possibly also due to gull influence. Therefore, the yellow-legged gull colony seems to be the most important source of nutrients at a local level, exerting a clear influence on the N and P cycles in this National Park. Another aspect worth taking into consideration is that increased N and P bioavailability may have a negative effect on the conservation of rare or threatened habitats and species by promoting the expansion of non-native ruderal species.A mathematical model to estimate seedling vigor index (SVI) of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds in soils contaminated with heavy metals was developed. This model was used to quantitatively describe the complex effects of heavy metal concentrations in soils (Cs) on seed germination and seedling growth. Negative linear regressions between relative seed germination percentage (GP), root length (Lr), and shoot length (Ls) versus log Cs varied as a function of soil properties and type and concentration of heavy metals. With an increase in the heavy metal concentration in soils, the predicted SVI values decreased and reasonably described the experimental SVI values within an 80% prediction band. This demonstrates that SVI values can be predicted, a priori, using SVI-soil models. Based on the sensitivity analysis, root elongation was more significantly affected by the external environment than shoot elongation. Consequently, the SVI-soil model developed in this study can explain heavy metal phytotoxicity to sunflower in complex soil systems. Further research using a diverse range of hyperaccumulator plants and soils is required to render SVI-soil model more available for complex systems in predictions of heavy metal phytotoxicity and hyperaccumulating behaviors of hyperaccumulator plants in various soil systems.During the summer months, urban areas are literal hot spots of mosquito-borne disease transmission and air pollution. Public health authorities release aerosolized pesticides directly into the atmosphere to help control adult mosquito populations and thereby reduce the threat of diseases, such as Zika Virus. The primary adulticides (i.e. pesticides used to control adult mosquito populations) in Houston, TX are permethrin and malathion. These adulticides are typically sprayed at night using ultra-low volume sprayers. Particulate matter (PM) samples including total suspended and fine PM (PM 10 ng m-3, indicating significant nighttime oxidation. Based on the loss of malathion and the increase in malaoxon, the atmospheric half-life of malathion in Houston was estimated at less then 12 h, which was significantly shorter than previous half-life estimates (∼days). Importantly, malaoxon is estimated to be 22-33 times more toxic to humans than malathion. Both the aerosol size and the half-life are critical for mosquito control, human exposure, and risk assessment of these routine pesticides.Photoactive materials hold structural and catalytic features that make them particularly suitable for environmental applications and in the present work, protonated H3Ti3O7-Y nanofiber-like materials were prepared via the microwave assisted hydrothermal technique. The as-prepared nanofibers exhibited high surface area with titanate structure. The nanofibers, before and after yttrium incorporation, were well-distributed and the fibrous morphology could be observed clearly; as the yttrium loading increased, ribbons and the anatase phase were formed. Practical films of these nanofibers confirmed their likely UV-photoactive properties with 200 ppm of acetaldehyde degradation within 25 min in the presence of 50% of humidity. Activity retention was achieved, keeping stability for 2 consecutive cycles at room temperature. Nowadays, the increase in home office work sets human health at risk, for the exposure to toxic volatile organic compounds and microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria is more frequent indoors. In this context, the synthesized photoactive yttrium-titanate films stand as upcoming practical UV-driven materials for cleaning pollution that concentrated urban activity and indoor environments.