In lake water samples, abundance estimations of mcyA genes were found to correlate strongly with microcystin concentrations. Based on our results, these primers offer significant improvements over previously published probes to accurately identify and quantify mcyA genes in the environment. There is an increasing need to develop models based on microbial information and environmental factors to predict CyanoHABs, and improved primers will play an important role in aiding monitoring efforts to collect reliable and consistent data on toxicity risks. BACKGROUND CLIPPERS (chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids) is a chronic central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory disorder. It may be associated with lymphoma and macrophage activation, while the related report of histiocytes (macrophage) activation involved in pathogenesis of CLIPPERS is rare. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/anlotinib-al3818.html We present the first "probable CLIPPERS" case associated with histiocytic sarcoma (HS) progressed to hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) in a 38-year-old man patient. CASE PRESENTATION The 38-year-old man presented with facial numbness, diplopia, gait ataxia and glossolalia for 29 months. Brain MRI showed gadolinium enhancement peppering the pons and extending into the midbrain, medulla, brachium pontis, cerebellum and thalamus. The patient's CNS symptoms were improved significantly and accompanied by marked radiological improvement after glucocorticoids therapy, while the disease courses presented relapsing-remitting and glucocorticoids-dependent. Multiple nodules in the abdomen were accidentally discovered by the abdominal Computed tomography (CT) during the remission period. HS was diagnosed by histological examination of the abdominal node biopsy accompanied by CLIPPERS relapse, and eventually progressed to HPS. CONCLUSIONS CLIPPERS could be a syndrome of lymphohistiocytic disorders. OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical features in children with anti-NMDAR encephalitis combined with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG ab). METHODS Clinical data of 7 children with anti-NMDAR encephalitis combined with MOG ab(+) were collected in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from January, 2016 to June, 2019. Children with NMDAR ab(+)/MOG ab(-) and MOG ab(+)/NMDAR ab(-) were randomly selected as controls. RESULTS Onset age was 6.0 (IQR 5.0-7.0) years old, male to female was 25. Prominent symptoms include abnormal mental behavior (7/7), sleep disorder (6/7), speech disorder (6/7), involuntary movement (4/7) and paralysis (4/7). There were significant differences between NMDAR ab(+)/MOG ab(+) group versus MOG ab(+)/NMDAR ab(-) and NMDAR ab(+)/MOG ab(-) group versus MOG ab(+)/NMDAR ab(-) group (P less then 0.0167, Fisher exact tests) in abnormal mental behavior, sleep disorder, speech disorder and involuntary movement. 1 case developed anti-NMDAR encephalitis 1 year after recovery fpositive subjects had more overlaps in clinical manifestations with NMDAR encephalitis, and more overlaps in MRI changes with MOG ab related disease. Higher persistent MOG antibody titer may indicate recurrence, while higher persistent NMDAR antibodies titer may cause neurological sequelae. BACKGROUND Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is an important marker on the surface of oligodendrocytes and is associated with many demyelinating diseases. Recently, MOG-IgG-associated encephalomyelitis (MOG-EM) has been proposed as a disease entity with a preliminary diagnosis standard. Some patients with lung cancer have been reported to be seropositive for onconeural antibodies; however, lung cancer cases with MOG-EM have not been previously reported. METHODS We report the case of a patient with lung adenocarcinoma with multiple intracranial lesions found during molecular targeted therapy. RESULTS The patient tested positive for MOG antibody in her cerebrospinal fluid, and the therapeutic effect of steroids was excellent. CONCLUSION This is the first reported case of MOG-EM coincident with lung cancer in a patient with multiple intracranial lesions. When patients present with a history of malignant tumors or suspected paraneoplastic neurological syndrome, clinicians should also be alert to the presence of other autoimmune antibodies such as MOG-IgG to avoid treatment delay. A series of biomass cellulose-derived carbon nanofibers (CCNF) were prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures in this study. Subsequently, this CCNF was combined with bismuth oxybromide (BiOBr) to form BiOBr/CCNF composite. The feasibility of BiOBr/CCNF as photocatalyst was investigated for the treatment against organic dye, rhodamine B (RhB) and inorganic metal ion, hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). The effect of the pyrolysis temperature on the properties (e.g., crystalline structure, functional group distribution, and graphitization degree) of the prepared CCNF was investigated in relation to its photocatalytic performance. A pyrolysis temperature over 800 °C resulted in CCNF with higher degrees of graphitization which was accompanied by a better photocatalytic performance of its composite against RhB and Cr(VI). Their reaction kinetic rates were estimated as 8.15 × 10-2 and 0.21 mmol/g/h, respectively (at the initial concentration of 10 mg/L), while their quantum yield values were 1.56 × 10-6 and 3.83 × 10-6 molecules per photon, respectively. BiOBr/CCNF catalysts were efficient enough to simultaneously remove RhB and Cr(VI) through the generation of active oxidative and reductive oxygen species, respectively. The strategies used in this study offer a new pathway for preparing cost-effective photocatalysts with biomass derived carbonaceous materials for the efficient removal of multicomponent contaminants in water. Aluminosilicate-catalyzed electrochemical decomposition of ammonium cation (NH4+) in water was investigated using NH4+-saturated clinoptilolite and copper-nickel electrodes in the presence of different salts and acidic species. The results showed beneficial roles of chloride anion and moderately acidic media. NH4+ adsorbed by the zeolites was converted with a 98% selectivity into nitrogen. The process was found to obey zero-order kinetics in the presence of clinoptilolite and a first order process when NaCl is added. Beneficial buffering effects of the zeolite and acidic species were registered. Clinoptilolite turned out to act as both catalyst and NH4+ reservoir. These results allow envisaging effective and waste-free technology in treating NH4+-rich aqueous effluents through total electroconversion into nitrogen using low cost aluminosilicates. Clay minerals, soils, sludges and natural water turbidity are potential catalysts for this purpose.