The enhanced viscous dissipation coefficient is found to scale linearly with the measured turbulent viscosity. Hence, the proposed scheme is a good candidate as an active surface gravity wave dampener via vortex flow reconfiguration.One-dimensional localized sequences of bound (coupled) traveling pulses, wave trains with a finite number of pulses, are described in a piecewise-linear reaction-diffusion system of the FitzHugh-Nagumo type with linear cross-diffusion terms of opposite signs. The simplest case of two bound pulses, the paired-pulse waves (pulse pairs), is solved analytically. The solutions contain oscillatory tails in the wave profiles so that the pulse pairs consist of a double-peak core and wavy edges. Several pulse pairs with different profile shapes and propagation speeds can appear for the same parameter values of the model when the cross diffusion is dominant. The more general case of many bound pulses, multipulse waves, is studied numerically. It is shown that, dependent on the values of the cross-diffusion coefficients, the multipulse waves upon collision can pass through one another with unchanged size and shape, exhibiting soliton behavior. Moreover, multipulse collisions with the system boundaries can generate a rich variety of wave transformations the transition from the multipulse waves to pulse-front waves and further to simple fronts or to annihilation as well the transition to solitary pulses or to multipulse waves with lower numbers of pulses. Analytical and numerical results for the pulse pairs agree well with each other.Trajectories of human breast cancer cells moving on one-dimensional circular tracks are modeled by the non-Markovian version of the Langevin equation that includes an arbitrary memory function. When averaged over cells, the velocity distribution exhibits spurious non-Gaussian behavior, while single cells are characterized by Gaussian velocity distributions. Accordingly, the data are described by a linear memory model which includes different random walk models that were previously used to account for various aspects of cell motility such as migratory persistence, non-Markovian effects, colored noise, and anomalous diffusion. The memory function is extracted from the trajectory data without restrictions or assumptions, thus making our approach truly data driven, and is used for unbiased single-cell comparison. The cell memory displays time-delayed single-exponential negative friction, which clearly distinguishes cell motion from the simple persistent random walk model and suggests a regulatory feedback mechanism that controls cell migration. Based on the extracted memory function we formulate a generalized exactly solvable cell migration model which indicates that negative friction generates cell persistence over long timescales. The nonequilibrium character of cell motion is investigated by mapping the non-Markovian Langevin equation with memory onto a Markovian model that involves a hidden degree of freedom and is equivalent to the underdamped active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process.We numerically study the linear response of two-dimensional frictional granular materials under oscillatory shear. The storage modulus G^' and the loss modulus G^'' in the zero strain rate limit depend on the initial strain amplitude of the oscillatory shear before measurement. The shear jammed state (satisfying G^'>0) can be observed at an amplitude greater than a critical initial strain amplitude. The fragile state is defined by the emergence of liquid-like and solid-like states depending on the form of the initial shear. In this state, the observed G^' after the reduction of the strain amplitude depends on the phase of the external shear strain. The loss modulus G^'' exhibits a discontinuous jump corresponding to discontinuous shear thickening in the fragile state.In superionic compounds one component premelts, providing high ionic conductivity to solid-state electrolytes. Here we find sublattice melting in colloidal crystals of oppositely charged particles that are highly asymmetric in size and charge in salt solutions. The small particles in ionic compounds melt when the temperature increases, forming a superionic phase. These delocalized small particles in a crystal of large oppositely charged particles, in contrast to superionic phases in atomic systems, form crystals with nonelectroneutral stoichiometric ratios. This generates structures with multiple domains of ionic crystals in percolated superionic phases with adjustable stoichiometries.The morphological transformation of the process zone at the tip of a propagating crack occurs with the increase of the crack velocity. The zone configuration changes its shape from concave to convex, dropletlike form. The latter exhibits a metastable wake. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ldk378.html We prove that the transformation takes place as soon as the crack velocity exceeds Gordon's speed V_G. The latter is the velocity of motion of the interface between the stable and overheated metastable phases. We further analyze the dependence of geometrical parameters of the zone and wake on the crack tip velocity. We show that at a constant velocity, the size of the process zone grows with the approach to the binodal. However, it decreases by over three orders of magnitude as the crack's velocity increases. In contrast, the interval length where the zone or the wake comes in direct contact with the crack surface increases at 0≤V less then V_G, achieves its maximum at V=V_G, and then decreases with the further velocity increase. The zone vanishes as soon as the crack's velocity exceeds a critical speed V_cr.Many methods have been employed to investigate the drift behavior of spiral waves in an effort to understand and control their dynamics. Here, we propose a joint method to control the dynamics of spiral waves by applying both a rotating external field and periodic forcing. First, spirals in different regimes (including rigidly rotating, meandering, and drifting spirals) are synchronized by suitable rotating external fields. Then, under weak periodic forcing at frequencies equal to those of the external fields, the synchronized spirals undergo a directional and simple drift. Dependence of the drift velocity of the synchronized spiral on the initial rotational phase of the rotating external field and on the initial phase of the periodic forcing is studied in detail. We hope that our theoretical results can be observed in experiments, such as in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction.