Helminth infections (HIs) are an important public health problem in tropical countries, and the associated problems have been neglected in rural areas of Thailand. Therefore, this study reports the prevalence and intensity of HIs among inhabitants of the Khon Sawan district, Chaiyaphum province, and Kaeng Samnam Nang district, Nakhon Ratchasima province, which are located near the Chi River and Lahanna water reservoir, northeastern Thailand. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between July 31, 2018, and June 30, 2019, among rural villagers from 40 rural villages in 4 subdistricts. The participants were selected from the village enrolment list after proportional allocation of the total sample size. Faecal samples from 691 inhabitants were prepared using solvent-free faecal parasite concentrator, and helminths were then detected using a light microscope. Statistical analysis included the Chi-square test with Yates correction, and multivariable logistic regression was performed. A P-value of less then 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The prevalence of HIs was 2.03%. The most prevalent helminths were Opisthorchis viverrini (1.31%), followed by Strongyloides stercoralis (0.44%), Ascaris lumbricoides (0.29%), hookworm (0.15%), Teania spp. (0.15%) and one minute intestinal fluke (0.15%). Coinfections were identified in 2 cases for S. stercoralis and hookworm and 1 case for O. viverrini and S. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Obatoclax-Mesylate.html stercoralis infection. All infected participants had a light intensity of HI. There was no significant difference between general characteristics for all HIs. The prevalence of HIs was not significantly associated with general characteristics. This study indicates that the infections result mainly from foodborne helminths and skin-penetrating nematodes. Therefore, interventions should concentrate on the personal hygiene of the population and improving sanitation to reduce HIs in this area.Chikungunya virus infection had not been reported by the National Secretary of Health of the State of Baja California Sur, Mexico before 2015, and until now, no information of the disease has been published. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the tendency that the disease has shown since its introduction. The total number of cases in the state was analyzed, and the incidence rate of infection was evaluated in the general population, age groups, and gender. From 2015-2019, the year with the highest number of reported cases was 2016 with 210 cases, but no cases were reported from 2018-2019. The gender with the highest number of cases was female. The most affected age group was adults 45-64 years of age.Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a member of the family Flaviviridae, causes severe neurological disorders in humans. JEV infections represent one of the most widely spread mosquito-borne diseases, and therefore, it has been considered as an endemic disease. An effective antiviral drug is still unavailable to treat JEV, and current drugs only provide supportive treatment to alleviate the symptoms and stabilize patients' conditions. This study was designed to evaluate the antiviral activity of the sulphated polysaccharides "Carrageenan," a linear sulphated polysaccharide that is extracted from red edible seaweeds against JEV replication in vitro. Viral inactivation, attachment, and post-infection assays were used to determine the mode of inhibition of Carrageenan. Virus titters after each application were evaluated by plaque formation assay. MTT assay was used to determine the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50), and ELISA-like cell-based assay and immunostaining and immunostaining techniques were used to evaluate the 50% effective concentration (EC50). This study showed that Carrageenan inhibited JEV at an EC50 of 15 µg/mL in a dose-dependent manner with CC50 more than 200 µg/mL in healthy human liver cells (WRL68). The mode of inhibition assay showed that the antiviral effects of Carrageenan are mainly due to their ability to inhibit the early stages of virus infection such as the viral attachment and the cellular entry stages. Our investigation showed that Carrageenan could be considered as a potent antiviral agent to JEV infection. Further experimental and clinical studies are needed to investigate the potential applications of Carrageenan for clinical intervention against JEV infection.Haemonchus spp. or barber's pole worms are one of the most highly pathogenic nematodes of ruminants causing economic losses in livestock worldwide. The current study was a first attempt to identify Haemonchus spp. from goats in Thailand and Lao PDR. Utilizing the inexpensive tools of the discriminant function (DF) combined with synlophe patterns is fundamental for understanding their epidemiological aspects. In total, 255 randomly chosen adult male Haemonchus worms from goats in various areas in each country were identified individually. For both these countries, about 94% based on the DF values, and 99%, 98%, and 97% based on synlophe patterns in the region of the esophageal intestinal junction (EI), 4 mm from the anterior end, and at both these positions, respectively, were identified as H. contortus. Other identified specimens defined as H. placei and hybrids as well as unclassified species based on synlophe patterns were proved using polymerase chain reaction (PCR); this also included some randomly chosen H. contortus by DF and synlophe patterns. All those specimens were confirmed as H. contortus being strongly supported by some genetic evidences and UPGMA analysis. Thus, it was assumed that all specimens in the current study were H. contortus. The morphological differences of this predominant species (H. contortus) in goats between the two countries were body length, gubernaculum length, and left spicule barb length, while almost all characters of male worms individually measured appeared to overlap, mostly in H. contortus and H. placei, which may lead to misclassification. Therefore, using the DF along with synlophe patterns can assist in increasing the accuracy of Haemonchus spp. identification from goats in some areas where funding is limited, particularly in Lao PDR. The present results revealed that synlophe patterns in the EI region seemed to be promising for the identification of Haemonchus spp., while molecular techniques are also required to address ambiguous identification with some specimens.