The prostate volume is not enlarged in some patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Evidence shows that prostate fibrosis, in addition to BPH and smooth muscle dysfunction, is one of the causes of LUTS, and that its occurrence is related to inflammation of various causes, ischemia, hypoxia and drugs, with the differentiation, aggregation and activation of myofibroblasts involved in its pathogenesis. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/super-tdu.html Therefore, anti-inflammation and anti-fibrosis strategies may be considered as potential targets for the treatment of LUTS. This article presents an overview on the causes of prostatic fibrosis, its diagnosis, its association with LUTS, and the advances in its treatment.With the increasing incidence of BPH, lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) it induces seriously affect the quality of life of middle-aged and elderly patients. Botanical preparations have the advantages of easy availability, reliable efficacy and less adverse reactions for the treatment of BPH. Botanical preparations commonly used for this purpose include lycopene, saw palmetto fruit extract, Pygeumafricanum extract, urtica extract, and so on. This article reviews the action mechanisms and the latest clinical application of the above four botanical preparations in the treatment of BPH, aiming to provide some more evidence for the selection of botanical therapies for BPH and a wider clinical application of botanical preparations. To study the effect of the traditional Chinese therapy of tonifying the kidney and invigorating blood circulation (TKIB) on male infertility. Forty-two infertile males with abnormal DNA fragmentation index (DFI) were randomly allocated into a TKIB (n = 22) and a control group (n = 20), the former treated by TKIB with an oral Chinese medicinal prescription while the latter with oral tamoxifen tablets and vitamin E capsules, both for 3 months. Before and after treatment, we obtained the semen parameters and sperm DFI from the patients and followed them up for the outcomes of natural pregnancy. Compared with the baseline, the patients in both the TKIB and control groups showed significant increases after medication in sperm concentration (［36.82 ± 29.16］ and ［34.56 ± 37.03］ vs ［50.00 ± 39.16］ and ［40.72 ± 47.37］ ×10⁶/ml, P<0.05), the percentage of progressively motile sperm (PMS) (［20.62 ± 9.10］% and ［21.25 ± 9.11］% vs ［36.82 ± 13.45］% and ［26.18 ± 10.60］%, P<0.05) and the percentage of morphological pregnancy in infertile men. To study the effect of DuzhongButiansu Capsules (DBC) on adenine-induced reproductive dysfunction (RD) in male rats. Eighty male SD rats were randomly divided into six groups, blank control (n = 8), solvent control (n = 8), RD model control (n = 16), Shengjing Capsules (SJC) (n = 16), low-dose DBC (n = 16) and high-dose DBC (n = 16). The RD model was made by intragastric administration of adenine at 200 mg/kg/d for 5 successive weeks in the latter four groups of animals, and in the meantime the rats in the latter three groups were treated intragastrically with SJC at 0.560 mg/kg/d and DBC at 0.242 and 0.968 mg/kg/d, respectively. At the end of the fourth week, all the rats were mated with female ones in a 11 ratio for 7 days. Then the male rats were killed and the right epididymides collected for detection of sperm concentration and motility, and the female ones sacrificed after fed for another 2 weeks and the numbers of pregnancies and fetal rats were recorded. The heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, thye stress and elevating the levels of reproductive hormones. DBC can improve adenine-induced reproductive dysfunction in male rats, which may be attributed to its effects of inhibiting the apoptosis of proteins, improving oxidative stress and elevating the levels of reproductive hormones. To study the semen parameters of infertile men carrying hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the influence of HBV infection on semen quality. We collected the semen samples from 782 infertility males aged 25－35 years old. According to the results of serological examinations, we divided the patients into groups A (HBsAg, HBeAb and HBcAb positive, n = 286), B (HBsAg, HBeAg and HBcAb positive, n = 230) and C (non-HBV control, n = 266), and comparatively analyzed the routine semen parameters, sperm acrosin activity, sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) and high DNA stainability (HDS) among the three groups of patients. Compared with the patients of groups B and C, those of group A showed markedly decreased sperm concentration (［88.20 ± 82.62］ and ［89.29 ± 53.80］ vs ［71.49 ± 60.03］ ×10⁶/ml, P<0.05), progressively motile sperm (PMS) (［34.88 ± 15.60］% and ［37.82 ± 13.63］% vs ［30.70 ± 14.79］%, P<0.05), sperm motility (［45.77 ± 16.58］% and ［48.16 ± 14.03］% vs ［42.67 ± 17.23］%, P<0.05), sperm viability (［82.55 ± 7.55］% and ［85.26 ± 6.39］% vs ［81.07 ± 10.19］%, P>0.05) and morphologically normal sperm (MNS) (［6.93 ± 4.45］% and ［7.27 ± 4.43］% vs ［5.72 ± 3.47］%, P<0.05), with sperm concentration, PMS, sperm motility, sperm viability and MNS remarkably lower in group B than in C. Sperm acrosin activity was significantly reduced in group A in comparison with groups B and C (［57.07 ± 26.38］ vs ［63.03 ± 28.75］ and ［78.00 ± 33.49］ μIU/106, P<0.01), remarkably lower in group B than in C (P<0.01). The sperm DFI and HDS, however, were markedly higher in group A than in B (［14.79 ± 9.46］% vs ［12.95 ± 7.29］% and ［11.60 ± 5.98］%, P<0.05; ［9.62 ± 6.20］% vs ［8.43 ± 4.72］% and ［8.41 ± 4.59］%, P<0.05), and both higher in group B than in C. Semen quality is lower in infertile men carrying HBV and therefore HBV infection is one of the causes of male infertility. Semen quality is lower in infertile men carrying HBV and therefore HBV infection is one of the causes of male infertility. To compare the effect of midline urethral-plate incision followed by Mathieu urethroplasty (MUPI-MU) with that of tubularized incised-plate (TIP) urethroplasty in the treatment of distal hypospadias. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical date on 72 cases of distal hypospadias treated in our hospital from August 2016 to January 2019, of which 21 (including 5 cases with a narrow urethral plate, small flat glans and shallow urethral groove) underwent MUPI-MU and the other 51 received TIP urethroplasty. We followed up the patients postoperatively and compared the shape and position of the urethral meatus and incidences of glanular dehiscence, fistula, stenosis and diverticulum between the two groups. After surgery, the urethral meatus was found vertical, slit-like and in a normal anatomical position in 19 cases (90.5%) in the MUPI-MU and 46 cases (90.2%) in the TIP group, with no statistically significant difference in the shape of the urethral meatus between the two groups (P>0.05). The postoperative incidence of fistula was significantly lower in the MUPI-MU than in the TIP group (1 ［4.