development of inflammation-mediated tissue damage in the kidney. However, further study is needed to improve the understanding of the role of these molecules in immune response activation.The literature source, collection methods and stylistic layout, value and influence of 32 extraordinary points in Doutaishi Zhenjing (Master Dou's Canon of Acupuncture) were collected. The sources of the literature are extensive. The collection methods include 5 aspects, named inheritance, integration and repair; name rectification, identification and differentiation; new point explication on the base of extraordinary points; well arrangement of points and mutual use of three methods for stylistic layout; as well as integrative illustration with text and picture, and determined location. In reference to the holistic layout of name, location, techniques of acupuncture and moxibustion and indications of extraordinary points in Doutaishi Zhenjing (Master Dou's Canon of Acupuncture), it is the first time to make a standardized and unified collection of extraordinary points, which is valuable in the historical literature, the theoretic research and clinical practice of extraordinary points. It brings a great impact on the special articles or books after the Yuan dynasty and even the establishment of national standards at present.Based on the set visualization analysis system and Apriori algorithm, the acupoint selection rule for the treatment of postpartum hypogalactia with acupuncture and moxibustion was explored. The clinical research articles relevant with postpartum hypogalactia treated with acupuncture and moxibustion were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases till July 15, 2019 since the database establishment. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the articles were screened and the acupoint prescriptions were extracted. On the base of the set visualization analysis system and Apriori algorithm, the characteristics of acupoints and the common acupoint combination were analyzed for the treatment of postpartum hypogalactia with acupuncture and moxibustion. Totally, 120 articles are included and 72 acupoints are extracted for the treatment of postpartum hypogalactia with acupuncture and moxibustion, of which, the conception vessel and the stomach meridian of foot-yangming are the most commonly used and the combination of Danzhong (CV 17), Rugen (ST 18), Zusanli (ST 36), Shaoze (SI 1) and Taichong (LR 3) is of the high frequency. The analyses of set visualization, acupoint association rule and acupoint combination network consistently indicate that the above mentioned 5 acupoints are the basic combination for the treatment of postpartum hypogalactia with acupuncture and moxibustion, co-acting on tonifying and nourishing qi and blood, smoothing liver qi and relieving stagnation, activating circulation and promoting lactation. This combination effectively treats postpartum hypogalactia caused by the source insufficiency of transformation of qi and blood and qi stagnation.On the base of the records in Huangdi Neijing (Yellow Emperor 's Inner Classic) and relevant ancient literature, the anatomical structure of the belt vessel was revivified. The belt vessel covers the kidneys and inlays in the 14th vertebrae on the lumbar region. It joints qijie (qi street) at the groin and connects with the thoroughfare vessel, the conception vessel and the governor vessel, as well as the muscle region of foot-yangming meridian. Correspondingly, the related anatomic structure includes renal fascia and transversalis fascia. The transversalis fascia is the main part of the belt vessel structure. The superior lumbar triangle is the vulnerable spot of abdominal wall structure and also coincident with the localization of "3 cun away from the spinal column bilaterally". It is the optimal selection when stimulating the belt vessel. In late generations, "governing all of meridians" has been supplemented as the function of the belt vessel. The diaphragm extends to the transversalis fascia and renal fascia through the inferior diaphragmatic fascia and it is also the only structure that connects with the twelve meridians and five zang organs. Hence, modern acupuncture and moxibustion has actually transferred the structural center of the belt vessel from the transversalis fascia to the diaphragm.Some of the "new viewpoints" in the meridians study of foreign countries were the reappearance of the old mode and connotation of the former meridian research. https://www.selleckchem.com/ The meridian theory is an early understanding of the living life and the surface regulation law of the living life. Combined with the relevant viewpoints of biological heterogeneity research, it may not be enough to analyze the biological rationality of the meridian theory with the current biological knowledge. The biological rationality researches of the meridian theory should be based on a clear effect of acupuncture and moxibustion, integrating the knowledge of acupuncture and moxibustion since the Miraculous Pivot Meridian, absorbing the ideas and techniques of cutting-edge concepts, and conducting researches on the relations between acupoints-symptoms, acupoints-efficacy, and dose-effect.The development and innovation of overseas acupuncture was expounded from four aspects meridian diagnosis and physical examination, activity of acupoint, acupuncture and moxibustion method and acupuncture level, enrichment and improvement of TCM theory and technology, and it was summarized what can be learned of principles, methods, prescriptions, acupoints and technology. On the basis of inheriting the experience of ancient acupuncture and moxibustion, the advanced experience and theory at home and abroad should be accommodated , which is helpful to better perfect and reconstruct the theoretical system of acupuncture and moxibustion, and realize the sustainable development of acupuncture and moxibustion.Professor XUE Li-gong's clinical experiences were summarized in treatment of painful bi syndrome of meridian muscle region with the "unknotting" method of long-round needle. It is believed that painful bi syndrome of meridian muscle region is related chiefly with the invasion of wind, cold and damp pathogens, exertion and traumatic injury. These pathogenic factors induce the "transverse-collateral" entrapment in the local and result in refractory painful bi syndrome of meridian muscle region. The "unknotting" method is adopted with long-round needle, which can either separate bluntly the knotted lesions or cut them sharply. "Taking the painful sites as the points" is the principle of point selection in treatment of meridian muscle disorder. Regarding needling techniques, joint needling, lateral needling and short needling are predominated.