Paddy soils are widely considered a main source of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sulfosuccinimidyl-oleate-sodium.html Comprehensively evaluating CH4 and N2O emissions from double-rice systems in tropical regions with different water irrigation and fertilizer applications is of great significance for addressing greenhouse gas emissions from such systems in China. In this study, eight treatments were evaluatedconventional irrigation-PK fertilizer (D-PK), conventional irrigation-NPK fertilizer (D-NPK), conventional irrigation-NPK+organic fertilizer (D-NPK+M), conventional irrigation-organic fertilizer (D-M), continuous flooding-PK fertilizer (F-PK), continuous flooding-NPK fertilizer (F-NPK), continuous flooding-NPK+organic fertilizer (F-NPK+M), and continuous flooding-organic fertilizer (F-M). CH4 and N2O emissions in double-rice fields in tropical region of china were monitored in situ by closed static chamber-chromatography method and crop yields as well as global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) were determind with F-PK. The GHGI in F-NPK+M and F-M treatments were significantly higher than that in other treatments. The GWP and GHGI in late rice season were 3091.6-6334.2 kg·hm-2 and 0.50-1.23 kg·kg-1, respectively. Irrigation significantly affected GWP and GHGI in both early and late rice seasons but fertilization had no significant impact on GWP and GHGI in late rice season. ④ Correlation analysis results showed that soil NH4+-N content and soil temperature below 5 cm soil layer had an extremely significant negative correlation with CH4 emissions. Soil pH was extremely significant positive correlated with CH4 emissions but significantly negatively correlated with N2O emission. Soil NH4+-N and NO3--N concentrations were extremely significantly negatively correlated with N2O emission. Given crop yield, GWP, GHGI, and D-NPK+M can be recommended for local water and fertilizer management to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining rice yields.Hydrochar can mitigate ammonia volatilization when applied in paddy fields due to its acidity and adsorption property. To realize the recycling of agricultural biowaste as well as the control of nutrient loss from paddy fields, a simulation soil-column experiment with wheat straw hydrochar (WHC) and water-washed hydrochar (W-WHC) was conducted to evaluate the performance of rice yield and ammonia volatilization from paddy fields. The results showed that WHC and W-WHC applied in paddy fields both increased the rice yield and the increased effect at low application rate (0.5%) was higher than that at high application rate (1.5%). In comparison with the control treatment (CKU), the rice yields achieved from low application rate treatments for WHC and W-WHC increased by 17.16% and 20.20% respectively. Except for the equal emission rate between W-WHC with low application rate and CKU treatments, hydrochar (WHC, W-WHC) addition reduced the ammonia volatilization from paddy fields when compared with the CKU. Among them, the ammonia volatilization levels from low-application WHC and high-application W-WHC treatments were significantly lower than that from the CKU treatment, reduced by 31.01% and 17.40%, respectively. Based on the analysis of ammonia volatilization during different fertilization stages, the control effect of hydrochar addition on ammonia volatilization was mainly benefited from tillering and panicle fertilizer stages. The change in the nitrogen concentration of surface water at the tillering fertilizer stage and in pH at the panicle fertilizer stage with the addition of hydrochar was the main driving factor for the reduction in ammonia volatilization. The results show that sufficient amounts of hydrochar derived from wheat straw application can increase crop yield while reducing ammonia volatilization from paddy fields. This method provides an effective route for recycling agricultural biowastes.Based on Landsat satellite remote sensing images, this study interprets land use changes in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region from 2000 to 2018. Combined with changes in nitrogen fertilizer application, the changes in ammonia emissions from farmland ecosystem due changes in land use and nitrogen fertilizer application were further investigated. The results show that along with the rapid urbanization process, the area of cultivated land in the YRD region has gradually decreased from 276269 km2 (49% of total land area) in 2000 to 244001 km2 (44%) in 2018. The effects of changes in land use and nitrogen fertilizer application on ammonia emissions from farmland ecosystems mainly include emissions from soil background and nitrogen fertilizer application. From 2000 to 2018, ammonia emissions due to the application of nitrogen fertilizer decreased from 690 kt·a-1 to 541 kt·a-1 (relative decrease by 22%), while the ammonia emissions from the soil background reduced from 32 kt·a-1 to 29 kt·a-1 (decrease by 9%). During the past 20 years, urbanization in the YRD region has accelerated, and the area of cultivated land and the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer application have significantly reduced, thus resulting in reductions in ammonia emissions from the farmland ecosystem.Taking urban domestic sludge as the research object, a slag-based modifying agent was used to modify sludge under different dosages and curing times, and the solidification effect of six heavy metals in the sludge, namely Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb, As, and Cd, were evaluated by analyzing stability efficiency and morphological changes. The results showed that the stability efficiency improved as curing time and dosage increased, reaching the maximum when the curing time was 14 d and the dosage was 50%. Under these conditions, Cu reached the maximum of 69.62%, and the most rapid growth was observed when dosages were 5%-20%. Through the regression analysis of adding amount, maintenance time and stability efficiency, it was found that the fitting correlation coefficient Cu was the highest 0.97, with a strong degree of fitting and a strong interaction between adding amount and maintenance time, which had a significant influence on the stability efficiency. In addition, Pb and As were the residual state, Cu and Cr were oxidizable state and residue state, Zn and Cd were reducible and extractable state as the main forms in the sludge after modifying, respectively.