2% and 7% of the variance of Vmax and Km, respectively. The interactive effect of soil properties and microbial community could explain 20.2% of the variance in Km. Our results suggest that the substrate availability would mainly drive enzyme kinetics compared to the abundance of active/potentially active microbes in the farmland soils.Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) is a key strategy to increase freshwater resources in many regions facing water scarcity. MAR issues are related to both quantity and quality of the infiltrating water. In most countries, very high quality of the infiltrating water is required, to limit the impact on the aquifer geochemistry. In this paper, the possibility of injecting water of lower quality in the aquifer and letting the biogeochemical reactions take place in order to enhance its quality is explored. Here, we present the fate of nutrients (C, N) in the biogeochemical system of a reactive barrier formed by mixture of different proportions of sand and compost, supplied with treated wastewater to mimic MAR. #link# An integrated conceptual model involving the nutrient cycles and biomass dynamics (auto- and heterotrophic) was developed, and then tested with a number of solute transport experiments in columns with different compost fraction in the column filling. The model incorporated both saturation and inhibition processes (regarding the nutrients and their byproducts) to provide a comprehensive picture of the nutrient dynamics within the column. The model developed (three if considering the 3 column setups) allowed to discriminate the processes that govern the fate of nutrients in relation with the compost enhancing long-term nutrient degradation, yet hindering hydraulic parameters that affect infiltration rates.Responsible water use and sustainable consumption and production are high on the agenda of multiple stakeholders. Different water supply sources are available, including tap water, bottled water, domestically harvested rainwater and domestically abstracted groundwater. The extent to which each of these water supply sources is used, differs over consumption patterns in various housing types, being detached houses, semi-detached houses, terraced houses and apartments. To identify the environmental impact of a household's water use and potential environmental impact reduction strategies, a holistic assessment is required. In this paper, the environmental impact of a household's water use in Flanders (Belgium) was assessed including four different water supply sources and four different consumption patterns by means of a life cycle assessment. The outcomes of this study reveal a large difference between the environmental impact of bottled water use, having a global warming impact of 259 kg CO2-eq.·m-3, compared to https://www.selleckchem.com/products/enpp-1-in-1.html . Tap water supply had the lowest global warming impact (0.17 kg CO2-eq.·m-3) and resource footprint (6.51 MJex·m-3) of all water supply sources. The most efficient strategy to reduce the environmental impact of household's water use is to shift the water consumption from bottled to tap water consumption. This would induce a reduction in global warming impact of the water use of an inhabitant in Flanders by on average 80%, saving 0.1 kg CO2-eq.·day-1 in case of groundwater-based tap water. These results provide insights into sustainable water use for multiple consumption patterns and can be used to better frame the environmental benefits of tap water use.Understanding the biogeochemical processes controlling arsenic (As) mobilization under bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) in aquifer sediments is essential for the remediation of high As groundwater. Here, we conducted microcosm experiments with shallow aquifer sediments from the Jianghan Plain (central Yangtze River Basin) under the stimulation of exogenous sulfate. Initially, co-increases of As(III) (from 0.0 to 88.5 μg/L), Fe(II) (from 0.5 to 6.0 mg/L), and S(-II) (from 0.0 to 90.0 μg/L) indicated the concurrent occurrence of sulfate, Fe(III), and arsenate reduction. The corresponding increase of the relative abundance of OTUs classified as sulfate-reducing bacteria, Desulfomicrobium (from 0.5 to 30.6%), and dsrB gene abundance indicated the strong occurrence of BSR during the incubation. The underlying mechanisms of As mobilization could be attributed to the biotic and abiotic reduction of As-bearing iron (hydro)oxides either through the iron-reducing bacteria or the bacterially generated sulfide, which were supported by the variations in solid speciation of Fe, S, and As. As the incubation progressed, we observed a transient attenuation followed by a re-increase of aqueous As, due to the limited abundance of newly-formed Fe-sulfide minerals with a weak ability of As sequestration. Moreover, the formation of thioarsenate (H2AsS4-) during the mobilization of As from the sediments was observed, highlighting that BSR could facilitate As mobilization through multiple pathways. The present results provided new insights for the biogeochemical processes accounting for As mobilization from sediments under BSR conditions.ClO• and BrO• are newly discovered reactive radicals that contribute to the degradation of micropollutants. However, the research on pollutant degradation by ClO• and BrO• is still lacking. Thus, the mechanism, kinetics, and toxicity of caffeine degradation by HO•, ClO•, and BrO• were computationally studied and compared. Results showed that radical adduct formation (RAF) reaction was dominant for HO•, ClO•, and BrO• initiated reactions of caffeine. The main reaction sites were C5 and C8 of caffeine for HO•, while only the RAF reaction on C8 was prominent for ClO• and BrO•. The initiated reaction rate constants of caffeine by HO•, ClO•, and BrO• were in the order of HO• (5.29 × 109 M-1 s-1) > ClO• (1.40 × 109 M-1 s-1) > BrO• (2.17 × 108 M-1 s-1). The kinetic simulation verified that ClO• played a crucial role in the degradation of caffeine by the UV/chlorine process. In addition to HO-adducts, the subsequent reaction mechanisms of ClO- and BrO-adducts have also been investigated. The formation mechanisms of several important products, namely dimethylparabanic acid (P2), di(N-hydroxymethyl) parabanic acid (P5), 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid (P6), and 8-oxocaffeine (P11), were elucidated.