05). These findings indicate that combined pollution by As and MPs/NPs can affect the ecological functions of soil by altering soil protistan communities. These results will help enhance our understanding of the impact of plastic particles on soil ecosystems.The development of defective structure in MOFs can offer a novel approach to tailor the properties of MOFs-type adsorbent for better adsorption performance. In this study, the contribution of defective structure in UiO-66 to the adsorptive removal of pharmaceutical pollutants from aqueous solution was investigated. The results showed that the controlled defects in UiO-66 greatly affected adsorption equilibrium time, adsorption capacity and adsorption selectivity. Slightly defected UiO-66 contained more open frameworks, and it exhibited faster adsorption equilibrium. However, a high degree of destruction to the amorphous state resulted in a longer equilibrium time, due to the interference in the diffusion process as the result of severe structural collapse and interpenetration. Moreover, a higher degree of structural damage of UiO-66 led to a higher adsorption capacity because of the increased active sites. The maximum adsorption capacity was 321 mg/g for the as-prepared defective UiO-66, which was much higher than that of perfective UiO-66 (54.5 mg/g). Furthermore, defective UiO-66 had a higher adsorption affinity for diclofenac sodium than other studied pharmaceutical pollutants. This study could provide insight into the relationship between defective property and adsorption performance. The results will deepen the understanding of the adsorption mechanism of MOFs-type adsorbents, and help the design of MOFs-type adsorbents with fast adsorption equilibrium, higher adsorption capacity and adsorption selectivity.As one of the main components of combustion of tobacco products occurs (CARB), crotonaldehyde has an acute toxicity and widely exists in the atmosphere, which is harmful to human health. The removal efficiency of VOCs by ozonation can reach 80-90%. Based on the theory of quantum chemistry, the degradation mechanism, kinetics and toxicity of crotonaldehyde by ozonation in gas phase and heterogeneous phase were studied. https://www.selleckchem.com/CDK.html Ozone was added to the olefins unsaturated double bond to form a five-membered ring primary ozonide, which was further fractured due to its unstable structure to form a Criegee intermediate and an aldehyde compound. The reaction rate constant of crotonaldehyde with ozone was 1.24 × 10-17 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 298 K and 1 atm, which was an order of magnitude higher than the experimental value. From toxicity assessment, it was found that the ozonation of crotonaldehyde is beneficial to the removal of toxicity. Mineral dust aerosol exists in the atmosphere in large quantities, and SiO2 is the most abundant component. VOCs are transformed into particle state on their surface through homogeneous nucleation and heterogeneous nucleation. Referring to the crystal structure of SiO2, five hydroxylated silica oligomer cluster structures were simulated and the adsorption configurations of crotonaldehyde on their surface were simulated. The adsorption of crotonaldehyde on the surface of the clusters was achieved by forming hydrogen bonds and had good adsorption effects. The adsorption of hydroxylated silica oligomer clusters didn't change the ozonation mechanism of crotonldehyde, but had a certain effect on the reaction rate.Three types of hierarchically porous magnetic biochars (HMBs) were prepared by pyrolyzing low-cost wheat straw and potassium ferrate (K2FeO4) under a nitrogen atmosphere at 600, 700 and 800 °C, respectively, which could be used as amendments for cadmium (Cd) in water and soil. HMB fabricated at 700 °C (HMB700) had the best remediation performance for Cd in water and soil, which was mainly due to its largest specific surface area and micropore volume. Batch sorption experiments showed that Cd(II) sorption onto HMBs were well-described by a pseudo-second-order model and Sips (Freundlich-Langmuir) model, indicating that HMBs removed Cd(II) mainly through chemical adsorption. MINTEQ modeling evidenced that HMBs adsorbed Cd(II) mainly through precipitation rather than surface complexation. The adsorption behavior of HMB700 to Cd(II) could be explained by surface complexation (-OCd, -COOCd), precipitation (Cd(OH)2 and CdCO3), physical adsorption (rich pore structure) and ion exchange (K+, Ca2+, Mg2+). Furthermore, adding HMBs (1 wt%) (incubation 60 days) could also significantly increase soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC), and significantly reduce the available Cd content in soil (47.97%-61.38%). Adding HMBs could promote the conversion of bioavailable to less bioavailable Cd forms. These results provided a new idea for fabricating agricultural waste-based HMBs to remediate Cd in water and soil.Catalytic hydrolysis of sodium borohydride can potentially be considered as a convenient and safe method to generate hydrogen, an environmentally clean and sustainable fuel for the future. The present effort establishes the development of FeCuCo tri-metallic oxide catalyst by a simple, single-step solution combustion synthesis (SCS) method for hydrogen generation from NaBH4 hydrolysis. Amongst series of FeCuCo tri-metallic oxide catalyst synthesized, FeCuCo with 5037.512.5 wt% respective precursor loading displayed remarkable activity by generating hydrogen at the rate of 1380 mL min-1 g-1 (1242 mL in 18 min) with turnover frequency (TOF) of 62.02 mol g-1 min-1. The catalyst was characterized by using various techniques to understand their physiochemical and morphological properties. The results revealed that the catalyst synthesized by combustion method led to the formation of FeCuCo with appreciable surface area, porous foam-like morphology and high surface acidity. Major factors affecting the hydrolysis of NaBH4 such as catalyst loading, NaOH concentration and temperature variation were studied in detail. Additionally, the FeCuCo catalyst also displayed substantial recyclability performance up to eight cycles without considerable loss in its catalytic activity. Therefore, FeCuCo oxide can be demonstrated as one of the most efficient, cost effective tri-metallic catalyst so far for application in the hydrogen generation.