Binary hologram generation based on deep learning is proposed. The proposed method can reduce the severe effect of quality degradation from binarizing gray-scaled holograms by optimizing the neural network to output binary amplitude holograms directly. In previous work on binary holograms, the calculation time for generating binary holograms was long. However, in the proposed method, once the neural network is trained enough, the neural network generates binary holograms much faster than previous work with comparable quality. The proposed method is more suitable for opportunities to generate several binary holograms under the same condition. The feasibility of the proposed method was confirmed experimentally.We present the Gaussian design of a two-conjugate zoom system, which does not require any mechanical compensation. The device works in two stages. First, with fixed optical power, a lens images the pupil aperture, forming a pair of conjugate planes. Then, we invert the conjugate planes for setting the two-conjugate condition. At the second stage, two varifocal lenses generate a tunable magnified virtual image, at the fixed object plane. The varifocal lenses have fixed interlens separation, and they work with zero-throw. We specify the optical powers of the composing elements and the equivalent optical power as functions of the variable magnification.IWe have designed, simulated, and experimentally tested a broadband metamaterial absorber loaded with lumped resistors in the microwave range. Compared with an electric resonator structure absorber, the composite absorber loaded with lumped resistors has stronger absorptivity over an extremely extended bandwidth. The simulated results show that an effective absorption bandwidth covers from 7.12 to 8.61 GHz with the absorption rate more than 90% under normal incidence. For oblique incidence, the proposed absorber displays an absorption rate above 90% from 7.55 to 8.61 GHz when the incident angle is below 35° for the transverse electric polarization. About the transverse magnetic polarization, the absorber displays larger than 90% absorptance from 7.24 to 8.61 GHz when the incident angle is below 70°. During the entire design process, the absorber structure is fabricated and measured. The measured results show that the absorptivity is above 90% in the frequency range of 6.78-7.65 GHz and 8.20-9.31 GHz under normal incidence. Furthermore, the absorption mechanism and absorption properties are further researched.The continuous quest for reversible computation that could be extensively used in applications such as digital signal processing, quantum computing, quantum-dot cellular automata, and nanotechnology has recently discovered its optical implementation as light tenders high-speed computing with the slightest information loss. The electro-optic effect of a lithium-niobate-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer is explored to configure a 4×4 modified Fredkin gate, capable of furnishing as many as 16 logical combinations, and thus showing potential of curbing the area overhead. The optical design is carried out using the beam propagation method. We have also performed the mathematical modeling and analyzed the results in MATLAB.Lens aberration is a critical factor affecting lithography, one that deteriorates the image fidelity and contrast. As the perfect lens does not exist, the aberration control is important for real optical systems, especially for extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL). By choosing the process variation band (PVB) and pattern shift (PS) as the lithographic performance indicators, the inverse analysis model for aberration control is proposed in this paper. First, the effects of aberration with 36 Zernike terms on lithography performance are forward analyzed. Using the definitive screening design (DSD) and with the help of statistical analysis methods of analysis of variance and F test, the combined Zernike terms leading to prominent PVB and PS are identified. After giving a brief introduction of backpropagation neural network (BPNN), the aberration control model based on DSD and BPNN is then established. Finally, several examples are analyzed to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the aberration control model. Predicted results show that the optimum distribution of Zernike coefficients given by the aberration model can generate minimum impact on imaging quality, and this impact is very close to that of zero aberration. The results demonstrate that the BPNN-based aberration model has the potential to be an efficient guiding method for controlling the aberration of EUVL in the optical design stage.For image phase-based super-sampling, an image sequence consisting of slightly displaced frames is up-sampled, aligned, and averaged into a single larger image that possesses image resolution exceeding the limitations of the imaging system. This process obtains a significant portion of high-resolution phase information and models the missing magnitude using deconvolution or reconstruction algorithms. Three simulations are presented in which a 32-frame sequence with the size 256 by 256 pixels is processed to create a single 4096 by 4096 pixel image with pixel level resolution. An empirical test was also conducted showing resolution beyond the digital sampling resolution limit of the camera.The behavior of paint removal with a pulsed laser has been investigated using an NdYAG fiber laser. Experimental and theoretical analyses are conducted to reveal the underlying mechanism of the paint removal. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bgj398-nvp-bgj398.html The results show that the depth, radius, and volume of the pit formed by a single pulse become larger with increases in the energy density. The ideal parameters for the complete removal of paint have been achieved. During the paint removal, burning occurred over the surface, and the variation in element content has been attributed to the absorption of laser energy. Under the action of the pulsed laser, there was breakage and rearrangement of chemical bonds such as C-C, C-N, and C-O in the molecular chain of the polyacrylate paint coating. Through these analyses, the paint removal mechanism was shown to be based on chemical bond breakage, combustion, and mechanical action provided by the thermal expansion and plasma shock.