I broaden our notion of civil death to include financial indebtedness to the shadow carceral state. I suggest covert penal power expands through the accumulation of resources extracted from people marked for civil death through criminal justice contact. Finally, I conclude that monetary sanctions such as pay-to-stay reveal how the shadow carceral state expands covert penal power through necrocapitalism, meaning institutional accumulation occurs through dispossession and the subjugation of life to the power of death. Leeches belong to a group of annelids of the class Hirudinea which are blood feeding ecto-parasites of humans, wild animals and domesticated animals. A leech can suck out as much blood as ten times its own weight. Leech can occur at different sites in humans commonly in the eyes, nasopharynx, larynx, urethra, and vagina and rarely in the rectum. This is a four years old male child who presented with painless, bright red rectal bleeding for two weeks. Heamatocrit was 9.2%. Leech was removed from the rectum by letting the child sit on a bucket of water. The patient was transfused, followed for 24 hours and discharged with iron sulphate syrup. Leech infestation should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a child presenting with hematochezia. Leech infestation should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a child presenting with hematochezia. Wiskott Aldrich syndrome is a primary immunodeficiency notable for eczema, recurrent infections, bleeding diathesis and microcytic thrombocytopenia. A 4½ year old boy presented with recurrent sinopulmonary infections, repeated treatment for severe eczema since infancy, thrombocytopenia with low platelet volume. His brother and uncles died during childhood due to repeated illnesses. We outline ways to diagnose and manage children in resource limited settings. Wiskott Aldrich syndrome can be diagnosed by its clinical triad of syndromes. Mutation of the WASP gene confirms diagnosis. Increasing reports of primary immune deficiencies in Ethiopia call for improved education and care for clinical immunology. Wiskott Aldrich syndrome can be diagnosed by its clinical triad of syndromes. Mutation of the WASP gene confirms diagnosis. Increasing reports of primary immune deficiencies in Ethiopia call for improved education and care for clinical immunology. Odontoid fracture frequently ensues after a cervical trauma, and most commonly at the junction between the dens and the body (type II odontoid fracture). This report is focused on a 24-years-old male patient with right-sided hemiparesis, resulting from traumatic atlantoaxial dislocation with type II odontoid fracture. Cervical CT-scanning showed a spondylolisthesis of the C1-C2 complex with type II odontoid fracture, and the injury was treated using posterior reduction and internal stabilization. Therefore, hemiparesis was reduced, and during the follow-up period, our patients were disease-free. Early diagnosis and the appropriate management of atlantoaxial trauma is a possible approach towards preventing severe neurological deficits. Early diagnosis and the appropriate management of atlantoaxial trauma is a possible approach towards preventing severe neurological deficits. Unilateral pulmonary artery absence or discontinuity is a rare congenital abnormality. Its reported prevalence is 1 in 150,000 adults. A 22-month-toddler girl was referred from a general hospital for cardiac follow-up to our hospital after diagnosis of severe pulmonary hypertension was made. She presented with generalized body swelling, cough, fast breathing and high-grade fever of four days duration. She had repeated severe chest infections. Echocardiography and chest computed tomography revealed right pulmonary artery discontinuity. Acute care was given and chronic care was established. Pulmonary artery discontinuity is a rare anomaly. It should be considered in any child presenting with recurrent chest infections/pulmonary hypertension. Appropriate and timely diagnostic work up will avoid misdiagnosis. Pulmonary artery discontinuity is a rare anomaly. It should be considered in any child presenting with recurrent chest infections/pulmonary hypertension. Appropriate and timely diagnostic work up will avoid misdiagnosis. Coronavirus disease 2019 is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. This study aimed to address the preventive procedures to protect healthcare workers at hospital to avoid COVID-19, and infection control procedures to protect dental professionals in dental office. We conducted a search of published articles from PubMed, google scholar databases using key words such as COVID-19, healthcare worker, infection control, and dental practice. Relevant articles were identified and reviewed. Most published papers were clinical reports and case studies. We have selected some of the current published papers written in English in 2020. Infection control procedures to protect health workers at hospitals, and dental professionals at dental office were summurised and presented. Infection control procedures for healthcare workers at hospitals include Personal protective equipment, Korea filter (KF)94 respirator, goggles, face protector, disposable waterproof long-arm gown, and gloves, and others. Extra-protection procedures should be taken with old and vulnerable healthcare workers. Dental professionals should evaluate patients in advance before starting dental treatment. Aerosols generating procedures should be avoided and personal protective equipment should be used. Dental treatment should be restricted to emergency cases only. Old medical staff should be in safer distance to avoid infection, but young physicians and nurses should work at frontline as their immunity is better than their colleagues at old age. Screening patients and measurement of the body temperature are essential measures before dental treatment. Old medical staff should be in safer distance to avoid infection, but young physicians and nurses should work at frontline as their immunity is better than their colleagues at old age. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/dyngo-4a.html Screening patients and measurement of the body temperature are essential measures before dental treatment.