Transition care in inflammatory bowel disease is increasingly recognized as challenging given the inherent differences between paediatric and adult health care models, disease characteristics and treatment strategies. Transition is a dynamic process involving adolescents and young adults that are moving from a paediatric to an adult health care setting, and it should be flexible, continually updated and tailored to each patient. The implementation of a transition clinic is essential given the increasing incidence of the paediatric population with inflammatory bowel disease and the lifelong impact of this disease. The key question is when and how to structure transition according to the adolescent's clinical, psycho-social, educational needs and expectations to ensure continuity of care. In the attempt to improve the management of transition in inflammatory bowel disease and address the wide gap between adult and child care, we provide an update of the transition clinic and we propose a "treat to target" approach in transition to facilitate an effective and successful transition programme. In the changing landscape of the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, further studies are necessary to determine the role of the transition clinic in determining the choice and strategy of therapy and its monitoring and the adoption of newer strategies such as biomarkers guided treating to target. BACKGROUND An unmet objective in the pursuit of HCV elimination is the creation of a simple and fast operating model to identify difficult-to-treat populations, like prisoners. Of many obstacles, the first is represented by the poor knowledge of inmates HCV-Ab prevalence. Moreover, due to the peculiar status of conviction, often their access to antiviral therapy is neglected. AIMS To evaluate the prevalence of HCV infection in a penitentiary Institution of Southern Italy through a point-of-care screening and treatment program. METHODS We conducted a prospective observational study in two phases first, we reviewed all the prisoners' clinical records, to verify HCV-Ab execution. Subsequently, we performed a universal point-of-care screening and treatment program. RESULTS We enrolled 670 patients. Overall, 310(46.27%) were already HCV-Ab tested. At the screening initiation, 23.28% patients were discharged, whereas 8.35% refused. Of the remaining 458 subjects, 58(12.67%) were HCV-Ab positive and 46 HCVRNA positive. All these underwent DAA, obtaining 100% SVR. At the end of the program, a total of 491(73.28%) subjects had HCV-Ab available. Sixty-nine (14.05%) were positive. A total of 214(31.94%) subjects were lost to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS We revealed a prevalence of 14.05% of HCV-Ab in conviction. Antiviral treatment was safe and efficacious. More efforts are advisable to provide screening for HCV-Ab in conviction. INTRODUCTION This document is a summary of the French Intergroup guidelines regarding the management of digestive neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) published in February 2020 (www.tncd.org). METHODS All French medical societies involved in the management of NEN took part in this work. Recommendations were graded into four categories (A, B, C or D), according to the level of evidence found in the literature until May 2019. RESULTS The management of NEN is challenging because of their heterogeneity and the increasing complexity of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Pathological analysis is required for their diagnostic and prognostic characterization, which mainly relies on differentiation, grade and stage. The two main emergency situations are functioning syndromes and poorly-differentiated carcinoma. Chromogranin A is the main biochemical marker of NET, although of limited clinical interest. Initial characterization relies on morphological and isotopic imaging. The treatment of localized NET relies on watchful follow-up and local or surgical resection depending on its supposed aggressiveness. Treatment options for metastatic disease include surgery, somatostatin analogues, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, organ-driven locoregional therapies and peptide-receptor radionuclide therapy. As specific predictive factors of treatment efficacy are yet to be identified and head-to-head comparisons have not or only rarely been performed, the therapeutic strategy currently depends on prognostic factors. Cumulative toxicity and the impact of treatment on quality of life must be considered since survival is relatively long in most patients with NET. CONCLUSION These guidelines are proposed to achieve the most beneficial therapeutic strategy in clinical practice as the therapeutic landscape of NEN is becoming ever more complex. These recommendations are permanently being reviewed. Oral Bisphosphonates (BPs) are the mainstay of osteoporotic treatment, however long-term adherence remains a challenge, primarily owing to the chronic character of the disease and the regimen complexity. Poor compliance has been shown to have a clear link to fracture risk. The role of bone turnover markers (BTMs) as a tool to ascertain adherence and response to therapy is supported by their rapid response to treatment; a decrease in values is witnessed within days or weeks of commencing treatment. A greater reduction of serum CTX and NTX is evidenced with alendronate and ibandronate compared to risedronate. A change in bone formation BTMs appears to be related to vertebral fracture risk reduction, whereas no significant relationship is evident for hip and non-vertebral fractures. The utility of BTMs as an adjunct for monitoring withdrawal of treatment with oral BP has also been suggested. Finally, studies evaluating BTMs as an intervention, failed to demonstrate any effect on adherence. This review explores the challenge of long-term adherence with bisphosphonates and provides an analytic framework with respect to the role of BTMs in monitoring bisphosphonate treatment, adherence and the offset of treatment effect. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of task prioritization on dual-task control in Parkinson disease (PD) associated with different postural impairments. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. Participants were instructed to keep two interlocking rings apart and maintain balance in a tandem stance. Attention was focused on either stance stability (posture-focus strategy) or the interlocking rings (supraposture-focus strategy). SETTING University research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS 15 patients with PD and less postural impairment, and 15 patients with PD and more postural impairment. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/acetylcysteine.html INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Postural sway, postural determinism (%DET), ankle co-contraction, and ring-touching time. RESULTS In the less-impairment group, the supraposture-focus strategy provided smaller postural sway and postural %DET compared to the posture-focus strategy. In the more-impairment group, task prioritization showed less effects on both postural sway and postural %DET. The supraposture-focus strategy led to less ankle co-contraction than the posture-focus strategy in the more-impairment group, but task prioritization did not affect ankle co-contraction in the less-impairment group.