A multifactorial statistical model that incorporated all the significant effects from the first-stage univariate analyses listed above revealed that age and ethnicity were the two dominant and independent effects on IgG seroprevalence. For seroprevalence of IgM, the multifactorial model revealed a significant interaction between work and accommodation. IgM seroprevalence was higher among the unemployed inhabitants of PPR (Program Perumahan Rakyat) than those living in non-PPR accommodation, and higher than among the employed irrespective of their accommodation. High seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in the community calls for increased awareness of disease transmission and improvements in hygiene and sanitation. High seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in the community calls for increased awareness of disease transmission and improvements in hygiene and sanitation.Crutzen (1974) and Crutzen and Ehhalt (1977) presented two key papers in Ambio that in Ambioexemplify how science first revealed to humankind the potential for damage to our ozone shield in the Anthropocene. Crutzen's (1974) review is a sweeping summary of the risks to the ozone layer from supersonic aircraft, chlorofluorocarbons, as well as nuclear weapons testing and nuclear war. Crutzen and Ehhalt (1977) described how the nitrous oxide produced from fertilizers could pose another threat to the stability of the stratospheric ozone layer. The two papers are part of a body of influential scientific work that led to the pioneering Montreal Protocol to Protect the Earth's Ozone Layer to phase out production of chlorofluorocarbons (in 1987), as well as national decisions that slowed or stopped production of supersonic planes (in the 1970s). They remain guideposts today for ongoing international negotiations regarding reducing emissions from fertilizer and limiting nuclear testing.We here reflect on two important articles on stratospheric ozone depletion written by P. J. Crutzen (1974) and P. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bms493.html J. Crutzen and D. H. Ehhalt (1977) in the early 1970s. These articles provide a clear description of the stratosphere and the most important chemical reactions involved in stratospheric ozone depletion. They present modeling results and provide recommendations for future research on stratospheric ozone depletion caused by chloro-fluoro-carbons, supersonic transport, nitrous oxide, and nuclear explosions. These two articles represent the beginning of a scientific era, which led to discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole and political action in the form of the Montreal Protocol and its amendments.Emerging after World War II "the environment" as a modern concept turned in the years around 1970 into a phase of institutionalization in science, civic society, and politics. Part of this was the foundation of journals. The majority became "environmental specialist journals", typically based in established disciplines. Some became "environmental generalist journals", covering broad knowledge areas and often with an ambition to be policy relevant. A significant and early member of the latter category was Ambio, founded 1972. This article presents an overview of the journal's first 50 years, with a focus on main changes in scientific content, political context, and editorial directions. A key finding is that the journal reflects an increasing pluralization of "the environment" with concepts such as global change, climate change, Earth system science, Anthropocene, resilience, and environmental governance. Another finding is that the journal has also itself influenced developments through publishing work on new concepts and ideas.Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a rare and aggressive hepatic malignancy. An up-to-date systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted aiming to compare outcomes between laparoscopic (LLR) and open liver resection (OLR) for patients with iCCA. A systematic literature search of Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases was performed. A total of 8 studies comprising 2872 patients, who underwent LLR or OLR for iCCA, were included in our meta-analysis. LLR patients had smaller tumors [mean difference (MD) - 1.17 cm, 95% confidence intervals (CI) - 1.77 to - 0.57, p = 0.0001], underwent major resections less frequently [risk ratio (RR) 0.75, 95% CI 0.67-0.83, p  less then  0.00001] and R0 resections more frequently (RR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.09, p = 0.01), while lymphadenectomy was less common in the laparoscopic group (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.58-0.92, p = 0.007). The LLR group presented reduced blood loss (MD - 270.16 ml, 95% CI - 381.53 to - 32.79, p = 0.002), need for transfusion (RR 0.39, 95% CI 0.21-0.73, p = 0.003), overall morbidity (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.4-0.83, p = 0.003) and hospital stay (MD - 3.48 days, 95% CI - 6.94 to - 0.02, p = 0.05) compared to the OLR group. No differences were shown in operative time (MD 1.6 min, 95% CI - 34.17-37.37, p = 0.93), major morbidity (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.38-1.11, p = 0.12), mortality (RR 1.42, 95% CI 0.13-15.07, p = 0.77), overall (HR 0.9, 95% CI 0.59-1.38, p = 0.63) and relapse-free survival (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.5-1.16, p = 0.21) between the two groups. LLR seems to benefit patients with iCCA in terms of short-term outcomes, whilst long-term outcomes are comparable among the two approaches.A 46-year-old man with a history of ulcerative colitis (UC) for over 25 years was treated with infliximab for 7 years. He noticed gradually spreading erythema on his right lower abdomen, femur, and buttocks. Skin biopsy from the right lower abdomen revealed massive invasion of lymphocytes in the papillary dermis and epidermal layer. In conjunction with the findings of immunohistochemistry, the skin lesion was diagnosed as mycosis fungoides (MF) at infiltration stage. Infliximab was discontinued, and narrow-band ultraviolet light B therapy was initiated to treat the skin lesion. The patient achieved remission for MF following treatment and UC has not relapsed for more than 1 year with 5-aminosalicylic acid treatment alone. This is the first case of MF in a UC patient treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (anti-TNFα). Lymphoma occurrence is a complication of treatment with anti-TNFα agent or thiopurine. However, there is no evidence regarding the relationship between MF and UC. Hence, these immunomodulatory agents may have triggered the occurrence of MF in this case.