Context Parkinson's disease (PD) has devastating effects on quality of life (QoL), but there is no instrument that has been developed for Hindi-speaking persons with Parkinson's disease (PWP). Objective The objective of this study was to develop and validate an instrument in Hindi language to measure health-related QoL (HRQoL) in PWP. Subjects and Methods Literature review and interviews of stakeholders were done to create a pool of 68 items to develop a questionnaire. Self-rated global QoL item was also included in the questionnaire. Questionnaire was tested on 300 Hindi-speaking PWP. Item reduction was achieved through factor analysis and clinimetrics to finalize the QoL in PD (QLPD) instrument. Validity and reliability of the QLPD were tested. Results "QLPD" is a 45-item instrument with nine subscales, namely, activities of daily living, mobility, psychological, fear, social, family, treatment, finance, and nonmotor symptom subscales. Internal consistency of QLPD's summary score and all subscales except treatment subscale was high (α = 0.74-0.94). Intraclass correlation coefficient between summary score and global QoL was 0.79. Summary score and subscale scores were significantly different (P less then 0.0001) for predefined five categories on global QoL (very good to very bad). QLPD subscales exhibited good convergent and divergent validity with subscales of 39-item PD questionnaire and short form-36 scale. Higher Hoehn and Yahr stage, lower monthly per capita income, and higher levodopa equivalent daily dosage were found to be independently associated with poor HRQoL. Conclusion QLPD is a valid and reliable instrument to measure HRQoL in Hindi-speaking PWP. Copyright © 2006-2019 Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology.Background Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an accepted modality of treatment in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Although DBS was approved in advanced PD, it is being done in early PD as well. It was mainly developed to help the patients of PD to overcome the adverse motor effects associated with treatment and treatment failure. Objective The objective is to study the efficacy of subthalamic nucleus (STN)-DBS procedure in patients with PD. Materials and Methods This was a prospective, single-center, follow-up observational study using a direct, structured interview of 40 selected PD patients. Preoperative assessment using Unified PD Rating Scale-III (UPDRS-III), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA), and Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 were done. All the patients underwent DBS. Postoperatively, similar assessment was done during follow-up period of 6 months. The results were analyzed using Student's t-test. Results The total score of UPDRS-III was reduced by 35% after STN-DBS intervention which was statistically significant (P less then 0.05). STN-DBS intervention was successful in significantly reducing all UPDRS-III subscores but failed to reduce the scores in case of postural stability. MOCA scores of the patients were not found to be affected by STN-DBS intervention (P = 0.1466). Similar findings were also observed for MOCA subscores, but there was significant improvement of verbal fluency in all patients. Quality of life(QoL) improved significantly in all patients after STN-DBS intervention in all areas. Lower baseline UPDRS-III scores were found to enhance the QoL both in "off" and "on" state. However, prolonged disease duration and older age at PD onset were found to be hampering factors in the improvement of QoL. Conclusions STN-DBS is a safe procedure and can be performed in all patients of PD who develop disabling motor fluctuations to improve their QoL irrespective early or advanced disease. Copyright © 2006-2019 Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology.Background Cobalamin deficiency, either due to dietary inadequacy or increased consumption attributable to levodopa-mediated metabolic disturbance, and resultant hyperhomocysteinemia may contribute to peripheral neuropathy (PN) in Parkinson's disease (PD). Aim The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence of Vitamin B12 deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia in Indian PD patients, and their association with PN. Materials and Methods Clinical details were collected in 93 patients over a period of 2 years. Seventy controls were included in the study. Serum B12, homocysteine, folate, electroneurography, and autonomic function tests were done. The prevalence of B12 deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia in PD patients and controls was assessed. The association of B12 and homocysteine levels with patients' age, disease duration, levodopa equivalent daily dose, cumulative levodopa dose, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-III off score, modified Hoehn and Yahr score, and presence or absence of PN was studied. Results Serum B12, homocysteine levels, prevalence of B12 deficiency, and hyperhomocysteinemia were no different between cases and controls. Seven of 93 (9.68%) PD patients had PN. The median values of serum B12, folate, and homocysteine levels across patients with or without PN could not be compared as only seven of our patients had PN. Conclusion The prevalence of B12 deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia, and incidence of PN among our patients is very less when compared to the Western population. The conjecture that PN in PD patients may be secondary to B12 deficiency/hyperhomocysteinemia stands as a speculation. Copyright © 2006-2019 Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology.Background Levodopa has a superior antiparkinsonian effect than dopamine agonists making it the standard of care for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). During the initial stages, PD patients show a steady response to levodopa. Response fluctuations and levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LID) develop subsequently. The timing and onset of dyskinesias vary among individuals, and there are very few studies identifying the predictors of dyskinesia in India. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Adriamycin.html Aims We aimed to study the clinical profile, disability, and predictors of LID in a patient with PD. Materials and Methods This was a cross-sectional observational study of consecutive patients with PD attending our movement disorder clinic. Patients on levodopa treatment with a minimum follow-up of 6 months were included in the study. All patients were observed before and after administration of levodopa to assess onset, duration of action, and timing of dyskinesias. Dyskinesias were video recorded and classified. Bivariate analysis was performed using Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test and multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression.