For early-stage upper urothelial carcinoma, total nephroureterectomy combined with bladder sleeve resection is the standard treatment. However, for patients with advanced disease, there is a lack of effective therapeutic strategies. In recent years, with an increased understanding of cancer immunobiology, systemic immunotherapies targeting immune checkpoint inhibition has been explored and clinically used in the area of urothelial carcinoma. The programmed cell death 1 receptor (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) are important negative regulators of immune activity, preventing the destruction of normal tissues and autoimmunity. Nowadays, five immune checkpoint inhibitors blocking PD-1 (pembrolizumab, nivolumab) or PD-L1 (atezolizumab, durvalumab, and avelumab) have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) for the first- or second-line use in urothelial carcinoma, based on durable response and manageable safety profiles observed in relevant clinical trials. In this study, we present the case of a 64-year-old patient with renal pelvis carcinoma who went on to develop lung metastasis after postoperative chemotherapy. CT scan showed multiple scattered solid small nodule foci in both lungs (considered as metastasis). The patient received immunotherapy with PD-L1 monoclonal antibody (Durvalumab) alone, and achieved complete remission (CR) after 3 cycles of treatment. During the treatment, slight weakness was reported, and no nausea, fever and other adverse events were observed. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/doxycycline.html This case shows that durvalumab could effectively and safely treat a case of renal pelvis carcinoma with lung metastases.When anti-PD-1 drugs target healthy tissues, it may cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Hematological toxicities and renal immune-related adverse reactions were rare; these events recorded were often clinically severe and life-threatening. In this study, we first reported on an elderly esophageal cancer (ESC) case of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and irAEs induced by radiotherapy following anti-PD-1 drug treatment. A 69-year-old male patient with ESC was hospitalized on December 2, 2019, after three cycles of chemotherapy with docetaxel and nedaplatin accompanied by the addition of PD-1 inhibitor (Sintilimab). The chemotherapy scheme was interrupted due to the absence of any response. Instead, three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (60 Gy/30 times, 5 times/week) was locally applied to treat the esophageal lesion. Typical CRS and irAEs, including mild diarrhea, intermittent low fever, and leukopenia, occurred after 6 times of radiotherapy, which was alleviated by symptomatic treatment. Such radiotherapy, however, encountered an unexpected early ending after 10 times with patient platelet level being significantly decreased to 31×109/L and the serum creatinine of the patients sharply increased from 78.4 to 609.5 µmol/L. CT scan presented scattered inflammation in both lung. It also showed that mediastinal lymph nodes and esophageal lesions were significantly reduced, and the patients received symptomatic treatment of glucocorticoids and other immunomodulators. The patient get discharged from the hospital after the combination treatment improved the irAEs symptoms. This paper showed the possibility of CRS and multiple-organ injuries as potential irAEs during radiotherapy following the anti-PD-1 therapy strategy and discussed the management of these adverse events (AEs).Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an invasive lung cancer subtype. Despite its sensitivity to first-line chemotherapy, SCLC has a high recurrence rate and poor response to second-line therapy. Recently, immunotherapy has shown promise as a novel therapy for the treatment of SCLC. One immune-checkpoint inhibitor, pembrolizumab, has demonstrated antitumor activity in patients with SCLC. In June 2019, based on data from the KEYNOTE-28 and KEYNOTE-158 trial, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved pembrolizumab for treatment of metastatic SCLC patients who had made progress on a platinum-based chemotherapy and at least one other line of therapy. Herein, we reported an 86-year-old female patient with extensive-stage disease (ED-SCLC) who was treated with pembrolizumab after relapse following first-line therapy and achieved a complete response (CR) in only one month after initiation of treatment. This case highlights that patients with ED-SCLC may benefit from immunotherapy and identifies a clinically meaningful therapeutic option.Primary plasma cell leukemia (PPCL) is one of the most challenging diseases for hematologists. A 65-year-old Chinese male with a history of chronic kidney disease and anemic appearance was admitted. He was diagnosed with plasma cell leukemia. Peripheral blood cells smearing showed piles of plasma cells with cloud-like agglutination. EDTA-dependent plasma cells agglutination is a rare phenomenon in vitro. We reported a case of plasma cell leukemia characterized by plasma cell agglutination, which has never been reported. This case reminded the laboratory physicians who master the blood cell analyzer should have the ability to comprehensively diagnose hematological diseases, and at the same time strictly implement the "Re-examination Rules for Blood Cells". White lesions of the vulva are a common vulvar disease of unclear etiology. Although a variety of treatments have been used to treat the disease in clinical practice, there is currently a lack of effective radical therapies. This study aimed to compare the feasibility and effectiveness of fractional ultrapulsed CO2 laser with that of high-intensity focused ultrasound in the treatment of white lesions of the vulva. A total of 60 patients with pruritus vulvae who were treated at the Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cervical Diseases in our hospital between December, 2017, and December 2018 were enrolled in this study. The possibility of malignant lesions of the vulva was ruled out by histopathological diagnosis following colposcopic biopsy. The patients were randomly divided into two groups a laser treatment group (group L, n=30) and a focused ultrasound treatment group (group U, n=30). The patients were monitored for changes in signs and symptoms during and after treatment, and the treatment outcomes of the two groups were compared.