The number of allogeneic solid organ and bone marrow transplants is increasing all over the world. To prevent transplant rejection and treat acute rejection of transplant, immunosuppressant drugs are used. The outcomes of solid organ transplants have dramatically improved over last 30 years, due to availability of multiple immunosuppressive agents, with varied mechanisms of action. The use of intense immunosuppression makes the individual having undergone solid organ transplant at the risk of several serious infections, which may prove fatal. To prevent and treat these infections (when they occur), patients are often given antimicrobial prophylaxis and therapy. The use of antimicrobials can interfere with the metabolism of the immunosuppressants, and may put the patient at risk of developing severe adverse effects due to unwanted increase or decrease in the serum levels of immunosuppressive agents. Knowledge of these interactions is essential for successful management of solid organ transplant patients. We therefore decided to review the literature and present the interactions that commonly occur between these two life-saving groups of drugs. How to cite this article Bhagat V, Pandit RA, Ambapurkar S, Sengar M, Kulkarni AP. Drug Interactions between Antimicrobial and Immunosuppressive Agents in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021;25(1)67-76. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired infection. The current study aimed to assess the efficacy of mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MI-E) in preventing VAP in critically ill patients. This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the ICU of Chiba University Hospital between January 2014 and September 2017. The inclusion criteria were patients who required invasive mechanical ventilation ≥48 hours and those who underwent rehabilitation, including chest physical therapy (CPT). In 2015, the study institution started the use of MI-E in patients with impaired cough reflex. From January to December 2014, patients undergoing CPT were classified under the historical control group, and those who received treatment using MI-E from January 2015 to September 2017 were included in the intervention group. The patients received treatment using MI-E via the endotracheal or tracheostomy tube, with insufflation-exsufflation pressure of 15-40 cm H O. The treatme62-66. Kuroiwa R, Tateishi Y, Oshima T, Inagaki T, Furukawa S, Takemura R, et al. Mechanical Insufflation-exsufflation for the Prevention of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia in Intensive Care Units A Retrospective Cohort Study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021;25(1)62-66. Despite advances in the field of oncology and intensive care, the outcomes of hematolymphoid malignancy (HLM) patients admitted to ICU are poor. This study was carried out to look at the demographic data, clinical features, and predictors of hospital mortality in these patients. We prospectively studied 101 adult critically ill patients with HLM admitted to the 14-bedded mixed medical surgical ICU of a tertiary care cancer center. Out of 101 patients, end-of-life care decisions were taken in 7 patients, who were excluded from the outcome analysis. Predictors of in-hospital mortality were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analysis. The ICU and in-hospital mortality recorded in our study were 48.9 and 54.3%, respectively. Neutropenia at ICU admission, Simplified Acute Physiology Score III (SAPS III) score, and mechanical ventilation (MV) within 24 hours of ICU admission were associated with in-hospital mortality on univariate analysis. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, neutropenia atth Hematolymphoid Malignancy. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021;25(1)56-61. With the oxygen saturation index (OSI) being a noninvasive surrogate for oxygen index (OI) and P/F ratio, examining the correlation between PaO /FiO (P/F ratio), OI, and OSI in mechanically ventilated adults will benefit in those settings where arterial blood gas monitoring is not readily accessible. Data were collected for patients ≥18 years who were under invasive (endotracheal intubation) mechanical ventilation at medical or surgical wards in a tertiary care hospital. After natural log transformation, the correlations between P/F ratio and OI ( = -0.94) and OI and OSI ( = 0.82) were strong, but weaker between P/F ratio and OSI ( = -0.69). Future bigger studies are needed to evaluate whether monitoring OSI and/or OI over P/F ratio will impact treatment outcomes. Vadi S. Correlation of Oxygen Index, Oxygen Saturation Index, and PaO /FiO Ratio in Invasive Mechanically Ventilated Adults. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021;25(1)54-55. Vadi S. Correlation of Oxygen Index, Oxygen Saturation Index, and PaO2/FiO2 Ratio in Invasive Mechanically Ventilated Adults. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021;25(1)54-55. This study was conducted to assess fluid responsiveness in critically ill patients to avoid various complications of fluid overload. This study was done in an ICU of a tertiary care hospital after approval from the institute ethical committee over 18 months. A total of 54 consenting adult patients were included in the study. Patients were hemodynamically unstable requiring mechanical ventilation, had acute circulatory failure, or those with at least one clinical sign of inadequate tissue perfusion. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/jq1.html All patients were ventilated using tidal volume of 6-8 mL/kg, RR-12-15/minutes, positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP)-5 cm of water, and plateau pressure was kept below 30 cm water. They were sedated throughout the study. The arterial line and the central venous catheter were placed and connected to Vigileo-FloTrac transducer (Edward Lifesciences). Patients were classified into responder and nonresponder groups on the basis of the cardiac index (CI) after fluid challenge of 10 mL/kg of normal saline over 30 mn) for Fluid Responsiveness in Hemodynamically Unstable Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Patients. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021;25(1)48-53. Kumar N, Malviya D, Nath SS, Rastogi S, Upadhyay V. Comparison of the Efficacy of Different Arterial Waveform-derived Variables (Pulse Pressure Variation, Stroke Volume Variation, Systolic Pressure Variation) for Fluid Responsiveness in Hemodynamically Unstable Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Patients. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021;25(1)48-53.