45 × 10-4 to 1.61 × 10-3, which far exceeds the acceptable limit of 1.00 × 10-6. Generally, the ILCR of assessed carcinogens decreases in the following order PHMs [ILCR (95%CI) 2.08 × 10-4 to 1.54 × 10-3] > formaldehyde [ILCR (95%CI) 9.04 × 10-6 to 6.87 × 10-5] and PPAHs [ILCR (95%CI) 5.97 × 10-6 to 4.51 × 10-5] > benzene [ILCR (95%CI) 2.99 × 10-7 to 3.00 × 10-6]. The results indicated that more attention should be paid to the ILCR of PM2.5. Cooking method significantly affect the ILCR of carcinogens in COF excluding formaldehyde. The ILCRs of COF from water-based cooking methods are greater than those of oil-based cooking ones.Biochar has the potential to enhance microbial-mediated phosphorus (P) cycling in soils, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that biochar amendment could enhance the production of acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterase, phosphodiesterase and P mineralization, which may vary depending on the P input. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the impacts of rice straw biochar application (0 and 4%) under different P-input rates (0, 30 and 90 kg P ha-1) on the relationships among P fractions, phosphatase activities and alkaline phosphomonoesterase-encoding bacterial (phoD gene) communities in an acidic soil. Biochar application under low P input ( less then 30 kg P ha-1) significantly increased the activities of phosphodiesterase and alkaline phosphomonoesterase but not that of acid phosphomonoesterase and depleted organic P. The results from the structural equation model revealed a dominant role of alkaline phosphomonoesterase in P mineralization. The increase in alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity was not related to an increase in phoD gene abundance but was due to a shift in community composition, which was primarily driven by the soil CP ratio. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/solcitinib.html Microbial network analysis demonstrated a more complex phoD gene community with more functionally interrelated groups as a result of biochar application under low P input than under high P input. Moreover, the specific enrichment of Micromonosporaceae under C-rich and P-poor conditions may play a critical role in alkaline phosphomonoesterase production and potential P mineralization. In conclusion, we demonstrated that biochar application under low P input supports a more organized phoD gene community and preferentially enriches taxa in terms of their capacity for P mineralization, which in turn may enhance P bioavailability and plant P acquisition.Metal mining has caused the accumulation of waste mine tailing dumps from abandoned mines. The pollution of farmlands surrounding metal tailings by heavy metals has been a long-recognized problem. However, the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in tailings and the main factors influencing this distribution have rarely been reported. In this study, a metagenomics approach was used to investigate the microbial community and ARGs present in farmland surrounding gold tailings in northern China. The results showed that the main pollutants in the farmland were As, Pb, and Cd. Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla of microbes in farmlands surrounding gold tailings. A total of 75 ARGs with 327 ARG subtypes were detected in soil samples. Macrolide-, lincosaminide-, and streptogramin B resistant genes accounted for the majority of ARGs in this study, and Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Acidobacteria were the hosts of most ARGs. Partial least squares path modeling revealed that the microbial community was the most influential driver moderating the distribution of soil ARGs near tailings, and heavy metals have direct and partially indirect effects on these ARGs. In contrast to previous analyses of ARGs, our study found that mobile gene elements had a minimal impact on ARGs. Overall, this study presents a complete ARG survey that sheds light on the distribution and fate of ARGs under heavy metal contamination in farmland around gold tailings.Degradation pathway is important for the study of carbamazepine (CBZ) removal in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Generally, degradation pathways are speculated based on intermediate identification and basic chemical rules. However, this semiempirical strategy is sometimes time-consuming and baseless. To improve the situation, a mini meta-analysis was first conducted for the degradation pathways of CBZ in AOPs. Then, the rationality of the pathways was analyzed by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculation. Results show that the degradation pathways of CBZ in various AOPs has high similarity, and the reactive sites predicted by Fukui function fitted well with the data retrieved from literatures. In addition, molecule configuration of degradation intermediates was found to play a very important roles on degradation pathway. The study reveals that computational chemistry is a useful tool for degradation pathway speculation in AOPs.Despite of low operation costs and convenient maintenance, the application of natural systems for swine wastewater treatment has been limited by large construction area and unsatisfactory effluent quality. Introducing ammonium high uptake aquatic plants and shifting nitrogen removal pathway from nitrate to nitrite in constructed wetlands (CWs) has been regarded as promising approach to promote their performances. This study aimed to establish nitrite pathway and enhance N removal via free nitrous acid (FNA)-sediment treatment and Myriophyllum aquaticum vegetation in the CWs treating anaerobically digested swine wastewater. Nitrite pathway was successfully and stably achieved in the M. aquaticum CW with FNA-treated sediment. The overall removal efficiencies of ammonium nitrogen and total nitrogen were 42.3 ± 10.2% and 37.7 ± 9.3% in the planted CWs with FNA-treated sediment, which were 76.3% and 65.4% higher than those in the conventional oxidation pond system, respectively. Microbial community analysis (qPCR and metagenomics) suggested that the nitrite pathway established through FNA-sediment treatment was based on the inactivation of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (lower nxrA gene abundance) and the reduction of relative abundances of NOB (especially Nitrobacter and Nitrospira). During the denitrification processes, the integration of M. aquaticum vegetation with FNA-sediment treatment can lower the nitrate reduction by decreasing narG gene abundances and decreasing the relative abundances of napA affiliated bacteria (especially Bradyrhizobium), while strengthening reduction of nitrite and nitrous oxide by increasing nirK and nosZ gene abundances and enriching the corresponding affiliated microbial taxa, Mycobacterium and Bacillus, respectively. Our findings suggest that applying FNA-based technology in CW systems is technically and economically feasible, which holds promise for upgrading current CW systems treating swine wastewater to meet future water quality requirements.