Exploration of tumor dose schedules with mathematical models can provide valuable insights into potentially effective therapeutic regimens. With regard to cisplatin as single agent chemotherapy, a minimum level of drug for a prolonged period of time seems more critical than rapid achievement of a very high dose for a shorter time frame for deterring tumor growth or progression. Exploration of tumor dose schedules with mathematical models can provide valuable insights into potentially effective therapeutic regimens.Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex in a circadian manner and they participate in many physiological and pathological processes. Synthetic glucocorticoids have been universally applied to treat inflammatory diseases and immune disorders. Due to their angiostatic property, glucocorticoids are often added to regimens for cancer treatment. In the current review, we summarize how glucocorticoids influence angiogenesis in common solid tumors based on literature from the last ten years. Usage of glucocorticoids can be a double-edged sword in the treatment of some malignancies. There are still unanswered questions about the role of glucocorticoids in the treatment regimens of some common cancers. Therefore, we suggest prudent and restricted administration of glucocorticoids to treat solid tumors.Direct cardiac reprogramming, the conversion of fibroblasts into cardiomyocyte-like cells (iCMs), is an attractive approach to heal the injured heart. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ca-170.html Here we present a new approach to human cardiac reprogramming that utilizes a polycistronic three-factor reprogramming cocktail and one microRNA. Our protocol produces cardiac Troponin T positive human iCMs (hiCMs) at an efficiency of 40%-60%, approximately double that of previous protocols, within just 2 weeks. The resulting hiCMs display cardiomyocyte-like sarcomere structure, gene expression, and calcium oscillation. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Zhou et al. (2019).Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can be differentiated into retinal organoids with proper neural layer organization, yet the protocols are technically challenging and time consuming. We have modified a widely used differentiation protocol by switching all-trans retinoic acid with 9-cis retinal to accelerate photoreceptor differentiation and improve morphogenesis. In this report, we provide a detailed and improved protocol to generate retinal organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Kaya et al. (2019).With controllable size, biocompatibility, porosity, injectability, responsivity, diffusion time, reaction, separation, permeation, and release of molecular species, hydrogel microparticles achieve multiple advantages over bulk hydrogels for specific biomedical procedures. Moreover, so far studies mostly concentrate on local responses of hydrogels to chemical and/or external stimuli, which significantly limit the scope of their applications. Tetherless micromotors are autonomous microdevices capable of converting local chemical energy or the energy of external fields into motive forces for self-propelled or externally powered/controlled motion. If hydrogels can be integrated with micromotors, their applicability can be significantly extended and can lead to fully controllable responsive chemomechanical biomicromachines. However, to achieve these challenging goals, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and motive mechanisms of hydrogel micromotors need to be simultaneously integrated. This review summarizes recent achievements in the field of micromotors and hydrogels and proposes next steps required for the development of hydrogel micromotors, which become increasingly important for in vivo and in vitro bioapplications.In the process of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on perovskite, it is of great significance to accelerate the hindered lattice oxygen oxidation process to promote the slow kinetics of water oxidation. In this paper, a facile surface modification strategy of nanometer-scale iron oxyhydroxide (FeOOH) clusters depositing on the surface of LaNiO3 (LNO) perovskite is reported, and it can obviously promote hydroxyl adsorption and weaken Ni-O bond of LNO. The above relevant evidences are well demonstrated by the experimental results and DFT calculations. The excellent hydroxyl adsorption ability of FeOOH-LaNiO3 (Fe-LNO) can obviously optimize OH- filling barriers to promote lattice oxygen-participated OER (LOER), and the weakened Ni-O bond of LNO perovskite can obviously reduce the reaction barrier of the lattice oxygen participation mechanism (LOM). Based on the above synergistic catalysis effect, the Fe-LNO catalyst exhibits a maximum factor of 5 catalytic activity increases for OER relative to the pristine perovskite and demonstrates the fast reaction kinetics (low Tafel slope of 42 mV dec-1) and superior intrinsic activity (TOFs of ~40 O2 S-1 at 1.60 V vs. RHE).Micro/nanomachines have attracted extensive attention in the biomedical and environmental fields for realizing functionalities at small scales. However, they have been rarely investigated as active nanocatalysts. Heterogeneous nanocatalysts have exceptional reusability and recyclability, and integration with magnetic materials enables their recovery with minimum loss. Herein, we propose a model active nanocatalyst using magnetic nanomotor ensembles (MNEs) that can degrade contaminants in an aqueous solution with high catalytic performance. MNEs composed of a magnetite core coated with gold nanoparticles as the nanocatalyst can rotate under the action of a programmable external field and carry out rapid reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). The hydrogen bubbles generated in the catalytic reaction provide random perturbations for the MNEs to travel in the reaction solution, resulting in uniform processing. The reduction can be further boosted by irradiation with near-infrared (NIR) light. Magnetic field induces the rotation of the MNEs and provides microstirring in the catalysis. Light enhances the catalytic activity via the photothermal effect. These MNEs are also capable of moving to the targeted region through the application of a programmable magnetic field and then process the contaminant in the targeted region. We expect that such magnetic MNEs may help better in applying active heterogeneous nanocatalysts with magnetic field and light-enhanced performance in industrial applications due to their advantages of low material cost and short reaction time.