Hand surgery is a combination of microsurgery, osteosynthesis, nerve and tendon surgery focusing on the most essential organ in daily life and in societal interactions the human hand. A discipline as important and highly specialized as hand surgery must be based on scientific studies and milestones from the past. Our work accompanies the video with english subtitles that was displayed in part during the opening ceremony of the 58th Congress of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Handchirurgie (DGH, German Society of Hand Surgery) in Munich (President of the conference, Univ.-Prof. Dr. R. Giunta). This paper presents the development of hand surgery from its historical origins, focusing on and introducing important characters from the times of Hippokrates, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the 18th and 19th centuries, as well as the two World Wars. In summary, progress of hand surgery is linked to the advances in anatomy, tendon surgery, nerve surgery and closely connected to the necessity of specialized care for upper limb injuries during and after World War II. A well-founded understanding of history and an insight into the development of our specialization underlines the importance of our daily work as hand surgeons and creates new incentives for the future development of hand surgery.This contribution is published in honor of Ulrich Lanz on occasion of his 80th birthday in november 2020.  Prothrombotic fibrin clot properties are associated with higher early mortality risk in acute pulmonary embolism (PE) patients. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/PD-0332991.html It is unknown whether different types of PE are associated with particular clot characteristics.  We assessed 126 normotensive, noncancer acute PE patients (median age 59 [48-70] years; 52.4% males), who were categorized into central versus peripheral PE with or without concomitant deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Plasma fibrin clot permeability ( ), clot lysis time (CLT), thrombin generation, platelet-derived markers, and fibrinolytic parameters were measured on admission. Plasma fibrin clot morphology was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).  Patients with central PE (  = 76; 60.3%) compared with peripheral PE (  = 50; 39.7%) had 17.8% higher and 14.3% shortened CLT (both  < 0.01 after adjustment for potential confounders including fibrinogen), with no differences between segmental and subsegmental PE. SEM analysis demonstrated larger fibrin fiber diamettion and stability.  To identify the potential associations of patient-, treatment-, and central venous access device (CVAD)-related factors with the CVAD-related thrombosis (CRT) risk in hospitalized children.  A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and VIP database was conducted. RevMan 5.3 and Stata 12.0 statistical software were employed for data analysis.  In terms of patient-related factors, the patient history of thrombosis (odds ratio [OR] = 3.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.57-5.85), gastrointestinal/liver disease (OR = 1.85, 95% CI 0.99-3.46), hematologic disease (OR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.06-1.99), and cancer (OR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.01-2.48) were correlated with an increased risk of CRT. In terms of treatment-related factors, parenteral nutrition (PN)/total PN (OR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.21-2.39), hemodialysis (OR = 2.17, 95% CI 1.34-3.51), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (OR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.31-1.71), and cardiac catheterization (OR isk factors can boost the development of risk assessment tools with stratifying risks.Hemorrhage is a well-known complication of essential thrombocythemia (ET) and polycythemia vera (PV), but evidence-based data on its management and prevention are lacking to help inform clinicians. In this review, appropriate published data from the past 15 years regarding bleeding epidemiology, classification, location, and risk factors are presented and discussed. Research was conducted using the Medline database. The bleeding classifications were heterogeneous among the collected studies. The median incidences of bleeding and major bleeding were 4.6 and 0.79% patients/year, in ET patients and 6.5 and 1.05% patients/year in PV patients, respectively. The most frequent location was the gastrointestinal tract. Bleeding accounted for up to 13.7% of deaths, and cerebral bleeding was the main cause of lethal hemorrhage. Thirty-nine potential risk factors were analyzed at least once, but the results were discrepant. Among them, age >60 years, bleeding history, splenomegaly, myeloproliferative neoplasm subtype, and platelet count should deserve more attention in future studies. Among the treatments, aspirin seemed to be problematic for young patients with ET (especially CALR-mutated ET patients) and anagrelide was also identified as a bleeding inducer, especially when associated with aspirin. Future studies should analyze bleeding risk factors in more homogeneous populations and with common bleeding classifications. More tools are needed to help clinicians manage the increased risk of potentially lethal bleeding events in these diseases.Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is an uncommon complication of cancers, related to the malignancy itself, antineoplastic drugs, or hematopoietic stem cell transplant. It was reported mostly as case series but large data are lacking. We used the large U.S. MarketScan database to compare TMA between patients with and without malignancy. Adult patients hospitalized between 2005 and 2014 with a diagnosis of TMA were included; cancer patients were defined by a diagnosis of cancer within 1 year prior to or during the admission with TMA. Associated inpatient diagnoses, procedures, hospital mortality, and long-term survival were collected. We included 3,227 patients; 617 (19.1%) had cancer (age 54 [44-60] years, 58% female), which was a new diagnosis for 23% of patients. Two-thirds of cancer patients had solid tumors (mostly pancreas, lung, breast, colorectal, and hepatobiliary, half of them metastatic) and one-third had hematological malignancies (lymphoma, acute leukemia, and multiple myeloma); TMA patients with cancer were older, more often men, had more noncancer-related comorbidities, and developed more sepsis and coagulopathy than TMA patients without cancer.