cued or uni-manual vs. bi-manual measurements. The toolbox contains particular pipelines for digital signal processing. Licensed under the GNU General Public License (GNU-GPL), the open source toolbox is freely available and can be downloaded from the Github link https//github.com/MehmetEylemKirlangic/RepetitiveMovementAnalysis. We illustrate the application of the toolbox on sample experiments of gait and tapping with a control subject, as well as with a Parkinson's patient. The patient has gone through a brain surgery for deep brain stimulation (DBS); hence, we present the results for both stimulation ON and stimulation OFF modes. Sample data are freely accessible at https//github.com/MehmetEylemKirlangic/DATA.OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the prevalence of ultrasonographic (US) lesions in healthy entheses and contributing factors. METHODS US scans were performed on 960 entheses of 80 healthy subjects. Factors contributing to entheseal changes were investigated with regression analysis. RESULTS Thickening (20.4% of the entheses) and enthesophytes (23.1%) were the most common inflammatory and structural damage lesions, respectively. Age (p less then 0.001), male sex (p0.003), body mass index (BMI) (p0.001) and high physical activity (p0.007) were independent predictors of enthesitis scores on US. CONCLUSION The effect of age, gender, BMI and physical activity on the entheses needs to be considered when differentiating disease from health.OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to survey participants with PMR to evaluate the face validity, acceptability and domain match of proposed candidate outcome measures. METHODS A structured, online, anonymous survey was disseminated by patient support groups via their networks and online forums. The candidate outcome measures comprised 1. visual analogue scale (VAS), numerical rating score (NRS) to assess pain; 2. VAS, NRS and duration to assess stiffness; 3. the modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (mHAQ) and Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI) to assess physical function; 4. C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) to assess inflammation. Free text answers were analysed using descriptive thematic analysis to explore respondents' views of the candidate instruments. RESULTS Seventy-eight people with PMR from six countries (UK, France, USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand) participated in the survey. Most respondents agreed candidate instruments were acceptable or "good to go". Free text analysis identified five themes which participants felt were inadequately covered by the proposed instruments. These related to (i) the variability, context and location of pain, (ii) the variability of stiffness, (iii) fatigue, (iv) disability, and (v) the correlation of inflammatory marker levels and severity of symptoms, sometimes reflecting disease activity and other times not. CONCLUSION Participants reported additional aspects of their experience which are not covered by the proposed instruments particularly for the experience of stiffness and impact of fatigue. New patient-reported outcome measures are required to increase the relevance of results from clinical trials to patients with PMR.OBJECTIVE Youth with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) transferring from pediatric to adult care are at risk for poor outcomes. We describe patterns of rheumatology/nephrology care and changes in health care utilization and medication adherence during transfer. METHODS We identified youth ages 15-25 with SLE using US private insurance claims from Optum's de-identified Clinformatics® Data Mart. Rheumatology/nephrology visit patterns were categorized as 1) unilateral transfers to adult care within 12 months, 2) overlapping pediatric and adult visits, 3) lost to follow-up, or 4) continuing pediatric care. We used negative binomial regression and paired t-tests to estimate changes in health care utilization and medication possession ratios (MPR) after the last pediatric (index) visit. We compared MPRs between youth who transferred and age-matched peers continuing pediatric care. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/azd4573.html RESULTS 184 youth transferred out of pediatric care, of which 41.8% transferred unilaterally, 31.5% had overlapping visits over a median of 12 months before final transfer, and 26.6% were lost to follow-up. We matched 107 youth continuing pediatric care. Overall ambulatory utilization decreased among those lost to follow-up. Acute care utilization decreased across all groups. MPRs after the index date were lower in youth lost to follow-up (mean 0.24) compared to peers in pediatric care (0.57, p less then 0.001). CONCLUSION Youth with SLE with continuous private insurance coverage do not use more acute care after transfer to adult care. However, a substantial proportion fail to see adult subspecialists within 12 months and have worse medication adherence, placing them at higher risk for adverse outcomes.OBJECTIVE Physical function in axial spondyloarthritis patients (axSpA) is currently evaluated through questionnaires. The Ankylosing Spondylitis Performance Index (ASPI) is a performance-based measure for physical functioning, which has been validated in Dutch patients with radiographic (r-)axSpA. The inter-rater reliability was not yet determined. This study is the first to evaluate the validity, reliability and feasibility of the ASPI in another patient population, including both radiographic- and non-radiographic axSpA patients. METHODS AxSpA patients were recruited from Rheumatology clinics in Santiago, Chile. Dutch instructions were translated to Spanish via a forward-backward procedure. Study visits were performed at baseline and 1-4 weeks later. Four ASPI observers were involved, measuring the performance times of the three ASPI tests. Validity was assessed through a patient questionnaire (NRS 0-10 ≥6 'sufficient'). For reliability, intra class correlation (ICC) coefficients were calculated (with 95% CI). Correlations between the ASPI and disease parameters were tested with regression analyses. RESULTS Sixty-eight patients were included (57% male, 52% r-axSpA). All patients understood the Spanish instructions and considered the ASPI to reach its aim (84%) and representativeness (85%) for physical functioning. The overall inter-rater- (n=62) and test-retest (n=39) reliability (ICC) of the three tests combined were 0.93 (0.88-0.96) and 0.94 (0.87-0.97), respectively. Eighty-two percent of the patients completed all tests and 94% finished less then 15 minutes (feasibility). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated a high validity and feasibility in an entirely different population, with both r- and nr-axSpA. The inter-rater- and test-retest reliability was excellent. The ASPI instructions are now available for Spanish-speaking patients.