Regression models indicate that geological influences and climatic stability significantly affect the diversity and endemism patterns of Saussurea and its morphological innovations. Moreover, morphological innovations in an area show significant contributions to the local diversity and endemism of Saussurea. We conclude that geological influences (mean altitude and topographic heterogeneity), glacial-interglacial climate stability and phylogenetic conservatism have together promoted the speciation and adaptive evolution of the genus Saussurea. In addition, adaptively morphological innovations of alpine species also promote diversification in local regions. Our findings improve the understanding of the distribution pattern of diversity/endemism and adaptive evolution of alpine specie in the whole northern hemisphere.[This corrects the article on p. 24 in vol. 13, PMID 33747392.]. The aim of this study was to evaluate the labio-lingual alterations of the alveolar bone where the implant was placed immediately after tooth extraction. Implants were placed immediately after tooth extraction on anterior alveolar ridges in the maxilla and mandible. The pin-guide system was used to help determine the location and path of implants during the surgical process. The horizontal distance from implants to the outer border of alveolar bone was measured at the rim and middle of the implants in the cone beam computed tomography images. The alteration of alveolar bone was evaluated comparing the horizontal distances measured immediately after surgery and 3 months after surgery. The results show that more resorption occurred towards the labial bone than the lingual bone in the maxilla. A similar amount of labial and lingual bone resorption was observed in the mandible. Considering the horizontal alteration of alveolar bone, labio-lingual positioning of the implant towards the lingual bone in the maxilla and at the center of the alveolar ridge in the mandible is recommended when it is placed immediately after tooth extraction. Considering the horizontal alteration of alveolar bone, labio-lingual positioning of the implant towards the lingual bone in the maxilla and at the center of the alveolar ridge in the mandible is recommended when it is placed immediately after tooth extraction. Several studies focused on the accuracy of intra-oral scanners in implant dentistry, but the data of inter-implant distances were not widely mentioned. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of distance between two implants on the surface distortion of scanned models generated by intra-oral scanners. Three models with the distances between two fixed scan bodies of 7, 14, and 21 mm were fabricated and scanned with a highly precise D900L dental laboratory scanner as reference models. Fifteen scans were performed with TRIOS3 and CEREC Omnicam intra-oral scanners. Trueness, precision, and angle deviation of the test models were analyzed (α=.05). There was a significant difference among inter-implant distances in both intraoral scanners ( <.001). The error of trueness and precision increased with the increasing inter-implant length, while the angle deviation did not show the same trend. A significant difference in the angle deviation was found among the inter-implant distance. The greatest angle deviation was reported in the 14-mm group of both scanners ( <.05). In contrast, the lowest angle deviation in the 21-mm group of the TR scanner and the 7-mm of the CR scanner was reported ( <.001). The inter-implant distance affected the accuracy of intra-oral scanner. The error of trueness and precision increased along with the increasing distance between two implants. However, the distortions were not clinically significant. Regarding angle deviation, the clinically significant angle deviation may be possible when using intra-oral scanners in the partially edentulous arch. The inter-implant distance affected the accuracy of intra-oral scanner. The error of trueness and precision increased along with the increasing distance between two implants. However, the distortions were not clinically significant. Regarding angle deviation, the clinically significant angle deviation may be possible when using intra-oral scanners in the partially edentulous arch. The purpose of this study is to compare the antibacterial activity of currently purchasable denture cleansers against . This study used tablet-type denture cleansers, Polident®, Coolingdent® and Fittydent®, along with liquid denture cleansers, Hexamedine®, Listerine® and Apple vinegar®. The antibacterial activities of denture cleansers were evaluated based on the number of and concentrations of the denture cleansers. In the 0.5 × 10 cfu/ml culture medium, the ' death rate of Polident® was significantly lower than those of Fittydent®, Hexamedine®, Listerine®, and Apple vinegar®( <.05). In the 0.5 × 10 cfu/, the ' death rates of Polident® and Coolingdent® were significantly lower than those of Fittydent®, Hexamedine®, Listerine® and Apple vinegar®( <.05). The ' death rates of Polident® and Coolingdent® were significantly decreased at 0.02 g and 0.01 g. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/shield-1.html The ' death rate of Fittydent® was significantly decreased at 0.005 g ( <.05). The ' death rate of Hexamedine® was signific. This study aimed to compare the accuracy (trueness and precision) of interim crowns fabricated using DLP (digital light processing) according to post-curing time. A virtual stone study die of the upper right first molar was created using a dental laboratory scanner. After designing interim crowns on the virtual study die and saving them as Standard Triangulated Language files, 30 interim crowns were fabricated using a DLP-type 3D printer. Additively manufactured interim crowns were post-cured using three different time conditions-10-minute post-curing interim crown (10-MPCI), 20-minute post-curing interim crown (20-MPCI), and 30-minute post-curing interim crown (30-MPCI) (n = 10 per group). The scan data of the external and intaglio surfaces were overlapped with reference crown data, and trueness was measured using the best-fit alignment method. In the external and intaglio surface groups (n = 45 per group), precision was measured using a combination formula exclusive to scan data ( C ). Significant differences in accuracy (trueness and precision) data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test, and post hoc analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction (α=.