CONCLUSION Studies published so far point to a positive influence on the use of G-CSF in relation to the improvement in endometrial receptivity and pregnancy rates. Therefore, there is a need for further studies to determine whether to use it, as well as the period, route of administration, dosage and duration of treatment.Based on growing demand for assisted reproduction technology, improved predictive models are required to optimize in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmatic sperm injection strategies, prioritizing single embryo transfer. There are still several obstacles to overcome for the purpose of improving assisted reproductive success, such as intra- and inter-observer subjectivity in embryonic selection, high occurrence of multiple pregnancies, maternal and neonatal complications. Here, we compare studies that used several variables that impact the success of assisted reproduction, such as blastocyst morphology and morphokinetic aspects of embryo development as well as characteristics of the patients submitted to assisted reproduction, in order to predict embryo quality, implantation or live birth. Thereby, we emphasize the proposal of an artificial intelligence-based platform for a more objective method to predict live birth.Approximately 50% of the causes of infertility are of genetic origin. The objective of this study was to analyze the role of genetics in human reproduction by reviewing the main genetic causes of infertility and the use of preimplantation genetic testing in Brazil. This literature review comprised articles in English and Portuguese published on databases PubMed, Scielo, and Bireme from 1990 to 2019. Randomized clinical trials and specialized guidelines were given preference whenever possible. Genetic cause can be traced back to up to 20% of the cases of severe azoospermia or oligozoospermia. Subjects with these conditions are good candidates for genetic screening. In women, genetic causes of infertility (fragile X syndrome, X-trisomy, and Turner's syndrome, some of which diagnosed with karyotyping) culminate with premature ovarian failure. Genetic screening helps advise couples of the risk of experiencing early reproductive capacity loss and of the chances of their offspring carrying genetic disorders. In addition to enhancing the prevention of serious diseases in the offspring of couples at increased risk of genetic diseases, preimplantation genetic screening improves the success rates of assisted reproduction procedures by allowing the selection of euploid embryos for transfer. The interface between genetics and human reproduction has gained significant relevance, but discussions are still needed on which procedures are clinically and ethically acceptable and how they should be regulated.OBJECTIVE Undescended testis (UDT) is a urogenital disease that affects fertility. This study looked into the cytogenetic abnormalities of Iranian infertile patients with UDT. METHODS Our study included 522 infertile patients with UDT (case group) and two control groups, one with 300 infertile men without UDT and another with 268 fertile men. RESULTS Chromosomal abnormalities were found in 45 patients with UDT (8.62%). Seven of the alterations were considered as normal features. Klinefelter syndrome and mosaicism were the most common anomalies. Chromosomal abnormalities were found in 31 infertile men in the control group (10.33%), 13 of which deemed normal and 18 (6%) anomalous. Nine chromosomal abnormalities were found in the second control group with fertile men (3.35%), six deemed normal and three (1.11%) anomalous. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ganetespib-sta-9090.html CONCLUSION Despite the high rate of abnormalities in infertile controls (6%) and the higher rate seen in infertile individuals with UDT indicate a significant prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities in the Iranian population, particularly when the literature suggests that the normal rate of abnormal karyotypes should be within the 0.7-1% range in the general population. The incidence of abnormal karyotypes increased when infertile patients had additional conditions such as UDT.OBJECTIVE Patients submitted to oncological fertility preservation with letrozole and gonadotropins seem to present a higher rate of immature oocytes and lower fertilization rates in comparison to infertile patients submitted to IVF cycles with gonadotropins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of letrozole on oocyte morphology in patients with breast cancer submitted to fertility preservation. METHODS Retrospective analysis performed at a public tertiary hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. The oocytes were retrieved from patients with breast cancer undergoing fertility preservation (n=69), and from infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization (n=92). We evaluated 750 oocytes obtained from breast cancer patients submitted to ovarian stimulation with letrozole and gonadotropins, and 699 oocytes from patients without breast cancer submitted to ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization with gonadotropins only due to male factor infertility. The mature oocytes retrieved were analyzed for the human oocytes in IVF outcomes.OBJECTIVE To present clinical and laboratory data of a Brazilian social program for cancer fertility preservation. METHODS We carried out a descriptive observational study between July 2011 and December 2018. 246 patients were included from a social program in a private assisted reproduction clinic in Santo André/Brazil for oocyte cryopreservation before starting oncological treatment. RESULTS 246 cancer patients resorted to fertility preservation before initiating cancer treatment. These were diagnosed with 27 different types of cancer, and the breast type is the most prevalent. 2528 MII oocytes (mean of 10.3 oocytes per patient) were vitrified. Four patients thawed their oocytes to submit in vitro fertilization, three had embryos transferred and one achieved pregnancy. CONCLUSION Preservation of fertility offers patients, especially at reproductive age, a viable way to perform their cancer treatment without compromising future gestation. It is important that professionals duly counsel oncological patients so, if they wish, they can have the possibility to guarantee her fertility preserved.