However, to achieve the full potential of NBS, it is necessary to recognize the trade-offs and synergies of the co-benefits associated with their implementation. To this aim, we have adopted a system perspective and a multi-sectoral approach to analyse the potential of NBS to deliver co-benefits while at the same time reducing the negative effects of water-related hazards. Using the case study of Copenhagen, we have analysed the relationships between the co-benefits associated with the scenario of the restoration of the Ladegaardsaa urban river. Our hypothesis is that enhancing the understanding of the social, economic and environmental factors of the system, including mutual influences and trade-offs, could improve the decision-making process and thereby enhance the capability of NBS to contribute to the achievement of the SDGs.Application of nitrification inhibitors (NI) coupled with nitrogen additions can reduce nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. The effectiveness of NIs can be impacted by environmental and soil conditions; however, more information is needed about their optimum application rates, in particular when applied with manure. This study investigated the effectiveness of a range of NIs application rates on reducing N2O emissions from soils receiving liquid manure additions under three moisture contents. Two incubations (A and B) were conducted in Gray Luvisolic (GL) and Black Chernozemic (BC) soils using two NIs [2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl) pyridine (nitrapyrin) and the new 3,4-dimethylpyrazole succinic acid (DMPSA)]. Soil NH4+ and NO3- concentrations were measured. Beneficial N2O emission reductions caused by NIs were evident at the intermediate and high soil water contents. The averaged emission reductions were 60% and 56% at the 60% and 80% water-filled pore space (WFPS) of the GL soil, respectively. Likewise, a coherent reduction of 58% was also found at the 60% WFPS of the BC soil. Conversely, this emission reduction vanished in this very carbon-rich, clayey BC soil at the highest moisture (80% WFPS). Moreover, as low N2O fluxes occurred with the lowest moisture (40% WFPS), non-significant and minimal emission reductions by NIs were observed, with a null reduction in the BC soil and only 10% averaged reduction in the GL soil at 40% WFPS. Focusing on the N2O emission reduction and nitrification inhibition under a broad range of NIs rates (in incubation B), as soil moisture rose from 60 to 80% WFPS, the most efficient NI rate increased from 0.25 to 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 for nitrapyrin and from 0.22 to 0.65 kg a.i. ha-1 for DMPSA in both soils. In sum, results inform how soil moisture and NI application rates influence the effectiveness of NIs, aiding to improve strategies to reduce N losses from agricultural systems with NI implementation.To use the lanthanum hydroxide (La(OH)3) as a low-cost, highly-efficient, and recyclable adsorbent, it could be embedded on a magnetic substance to improve its physical features and lower the overall cost. Herein, novel millimetric-size magnetic lanthanum-modified bentonite (La-MB) granules were fabricated for P sequestration, and the adsorption performance and mechanisms were systematic studied. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/dl-thiorphan.html The maximum capacity of P uptake by La-MB was up to 48.4 mg/g, which was higher than many previous reported La-based adsorbents. Moreover, the enhanced uptake of P was achieved over a wide pH range (3-9) and in the coexistence of common anions (Cl-, NO3-, and SO42-). Besides, the exhausted La-MB can be effectively regenerated by 5 mol/L NaOH with about 94.5% desorption efficiency and 60.8% uptake capacity remained during 5 cycles. The La-MB also exhibited excellent performance of anti-interference in two kinds of real wastewaters. The postsorption characterization and DFT calculations revealed that the electrostatic interaction and chemical precipitation jointly facilitated phosphate sequestration by La-MB during the rapid sorption phase, while ligand exchange and complexation reaction played more important roles than others during the slow sorption step. The electrostatic interaction not only effectively promoted the ligand exchange, and also further accelerated chemical precipitation via the formation of LaPO4 during the whole process of phosphate uptake. Overall, millimetric La-MB is considered to have great potential for engineering application, and this work also provides new insights into the molecular-level mechanism of phosphate sequestration by La-MB.Biofiltration is one of the main alternatives developed to improve wastewater quality and increase its recyclability. Support materials are extremely important when using this technology since they impact the cost of the treatment. In this work, we study the use of wood chips/peanut shell as support medium within biofilters incorporating microorganisms (BM), plants and microorganisms (BPM), earthworms and microorganisms (BEM) and all organisms (hybrid biofilters, HB). These typologies were evaluated to remove organic matter from synthetic domestic wastewater. For this purpose, twelve biofilters were operated in parallel under three different nominal hydraulic rates (0.5, 1 and 1.5 m3 m-2 day-1). Previously, support materials were individually characterized and acute/chronic toxicity tests on plants (Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult.) and earthworms (Eisenia foetida Savigny) were driven. Results showed that both materials have good adsorbent properties, providing adequate environmental conditions for bproving the operation and maintaining contaminant (organic matter) removal within biofiltration typologies.This study aimed to assess the most affected traits related to microbial ecophysiology and activity and investigate its relationships with environmental drivers in mine tailings spilled from the Fundão dam at disturbed sites across Gualaxo do Norte river, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The mine tailings are characterized by increased pH value, silt percentage, and bulk density, while clay percentage, organic carbon (Corg), total nitrogen (Nt), and moisture contents are reduced. Microbial biomass, enzymatic activities (arylsulfatase, β-1,4-glucosidase, acid and alkaline phosphatases), and the total microbial activity potential (FDA hydrolysis) were generally lower in tailings compared to undisturbed reference soil (Und). Enzyme-based indexes (GMea, WMean, and IBRv2) showed microbial communities with significantly lower degradative efficacy in the tailings than Und in all sites (R2 ≥ 0.94, p less then 0.001). Non-metric multidimensional scaling and distance-based redundancy analysis revealed that microbial communities exhibited significant differentiation (R2 adjusted = 0.