These findings suggest that the retention of higher levels of rituximab concentration and combination with chemotherapy during an early treatment period may bring about improvement of treatment effect. The HOVON group and Japan Clinical Oncology Group conducted randomized phase III studies to evaluate the efficacy of the dose-dense rituximab strategy for untreated DLBCL.Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma is a rare disease entity of extranodal large B-cell lymphoma and is characterized by selective growth of tumor cells in the lumina of small vessels in systemic organs. The challenge in obtaining sufficient tumor cells from biopsy specimens has hampered the elucidation of underlying biology. Recent advances in xenograft models and plasma cell-free DNA have revealed that the intravascular large B-cell lymphoma has genetic features similar to those of activated B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and frequent genetic alterations in immune-check point related genes. In terms of clinical aspects, considering the improvement in the clinical outcomes and higher risk of secondary central nervous system (CNS) involvement in the rituximab era, phase 2 trial of R-CHOP therapy combined with high-dose methotrexate and intrathecal chemotherapy as CNS-oriented therapy was conducted. The trial, named the PRIMEUR-IVL study, displayed good progression-free survival and low cumulative incidence of secondary CNS involvement. Further research is necessary to enable a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease and further improve the clinical outcomes.Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) represents a largest number of entities among lymphoid cancers, which are an aggregate of clinically and biologically diverse diseases. In particular, it is believed that various molecular genetic abnormalities are involved in the tumorigenesis of disease development. Owing to recent developments in multiomics analyses, gene expression profile reflecting cell-of-origin and tumor microenvironment and recurrent genetic abnormalities have been discovered; this is an important aspect for the development of future new therapeutic drugs and indications for clinical trials, ultimately encouraging precision medicine in the area of DLBCL. Here, we discuss the possibility of patient stratification based on genetic abnormality.CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is effective in B cell leukemia and lymphoma. Many researchers are attempting to develop CAR T cells for different types of cancer. B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is shown to be a promising target for multiple myeloma (MM). However, the treatment for MM remains challenging, and many researchers are trying to identify better target molecules for MM treatment. We have reported that activated integrin β7 is an excellent target for CAR T cells against MM and are currently performing a clinical trial.Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a curative treatment strategy; however, long-term survivors of allo-HCT are at risk of experiencing late adverse effects, including chronic graft-versus-host disease, immunocompromised status, endocrine diseases, secondary cancers, and psychosocial issues. Long-term follow-up (LTFU) clinics for patients who have undergone allo-HCT play a role in the screening and prevention of these late effects. We conducted a nationwide questionnaire survey to characterize the current operation of LTFU clinics in Japan and showed that the establishment rate of LTFU clinics in 188 participating centers was 63%. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bovine-serum-albumin.html The influencing factors in the establishment or management of long-term follow-up clinics were analyzed. Several factors were extracted, such as "lack of human resources" and "patients' and physicians' lack of understanding of the importance of LTFU" as inhibiting factors and "utilization of tools" as a promoting factor. The development of common LTFU tools, introduction of an electronic patient-reported outcome system, and further increase in the number of certified staff might facilitate the establishment of an efficient and sustainable LTFU system.Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a systemic immune reaction in which mature T cells in the donor inoculum are abnormally activated by the host and donor antigen-presenting cells. These activated cells then attack normal host tissue after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Clinical GVHD develops when the damage exceeds the threshold for tissue tolerance. Furthermore, functional damage of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic organs due to this acute immune response triggers the subsequent development of chronic GVHD. The endpoint of HSCT is shifting from just surviving the acute phase to having an enriched life until later years; therefore, seamless and detailed immune management is required from the acute to chronic phase after HSCT. Acute GVHD prophylaxis consisted of calcineurin inhibitors and short-term methotrexate for a long time. However, various novel immune-modulating strategies have been developed against the background of recent diversification in donor sources and changes in treatment goals. In this review, we discuss recent clinical developments in basic and clinical research regarding acute or chronic GVHD.A human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched related donor is considered as the first donor candidate in case of allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Given the declining birthrate and aging population in Japan, the number of sibling donors is also decreasing. Hence, candidates other than HLA-matched siblings, named "alternative donors," have attracted increasing attention. Improved graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis with posttransplant cyclophosphamide or pretransplant antithymocyte globulin represented a major breakthrough in allo-HSCT with alternative donors by overcoming the barriers of HLA mismatch. In addition, there have been improved outcomes of unrelated cord blood transplantation, owing to better unit selection along with improved GvHD prophylaxis and supporting strategies. These changes have expanded the range of donor options and consequently, increased donor availability at the critical moment for allo-HSCT. The next challenge that warrants further investigation is the development of personalized strategies to select the best donor from the available multiple options according to the status of each patient.