The search for new strategies for the prevention and control of osteoporosis is an urgent task. Functional foodstuffs and their components are of particular interest in this regard. The aim was to study the effect of bread enriched with protein, dietary fiber, calcium, iron and iodine on the state of the bone tissue of rats in a model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Material and methods. The experiment was performed on sexually mature female Wistar rats divided into groups K - control (sham-operated rats, not ovariectomized); О30 - osteoporosis model (animals were sacrificed 30 days after ovariectomy); groups О120 and О120+ - a model of osteoporosis (rats were sacrificed 120 days after ovariectomy). All animals were fed a standard vivary diet. For rats of the О120+ group, from the 40th to the 120th day, enriched bread was included in the diet in an amount of 6 g per 100 g of body weight per day. The bread was fortified with protein (whey protein, blood plasma proteins from farm animals), dietary fiber, calciukens osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy in rats. Its inclusion in the diet may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of systemic postmenopausal osteoporosis.It is known, that Saccharomycetes can accumulate mineral substances with targeted enrichment of the growth medium. However, the influence of the genetic affiliation of the culture and the technological factors of yeast strains, the composition of growth media on the efficiency of essential trace elements incorporation into the biomass and on the change of theirs intracellular components content have hardly been investigated. In this regard, the aims of this work was to select promising races of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, develop a biotechnological method for obtaining food ingredients enriched with selenium and chromium on their basis, and study their trace element composition. Material and methods. Industrial strains of baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were used RCAM 01137, Y-3439 and Y-581. Yeast were grown on malt wort (pH 4.6) with a dry matter content of 12% with the addition of mineral salts in stationary conditions at a temperature of 30 °C for 18 h, after which the yeast biomass was separgher than other strains. S. cerevisiae RCAM 01137 yeast showed the greatest ability to selenium enrichment, its content in biomass increased 137 fold and amounted to 2740 μg% when cultivated on a medium containing 800 μg/dm3. S. cerevisiae Y-581 yeast strain showed the highest capability to chromium sorption. The chromium concentration in its biomass was 8340 μg% in case of cultivating on a medium containing 750 μg/dm3. The usage of about 2.7 g of selenium enriched yeast biomass, or 1.0 g chromium enriched one, satisfies the daily requirement for these trace elements. Conclusion. Cultivation of S. cerevisiae cells on growth media containing trace elements makes it possible to obtain yeast biomass samples that can be used to obtain food ingredients for creating food products that contribute to the maintaining human health and improve the quality and duration of life.Fermentable oligo-, di-, monosacc harides, and polyols (FODMAP) are a large class of small nondigestible carbohydrates, which are poorly absorbed in the small bowel. The microscopic size, high osmotic activity, and the higher fermentation of unabsorbed FODMAPs by colonic bacteria lead to bloating, abdominal pain, and flatulence in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Therefore, low FODMAP diet appears to be promising treatment approach in the management of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In this review, we analyzed available publications on efficacy and safety of low FODMAP diet in the treatment of IBS patients. Based on the current data we outlined basic principles and methodology of low FODMAP diet usage in clinical practice, and constructed the detailed list of low and high FODMAP products for designing a food regimen in patients with IBS.Patients in chronic critical illness after brain injury may experience various conditions that limit nutritional support. The aim of this work is to analyze the factors limiting or hindering the provision of nutritional support (in particular, enteral clinical nutrition) in patients in chronic critical illness after brain damage. Material and methods. This study is a prospective observational cohort study. In the course of the study, 47 patients (27 men and 20 women, mean age 52±18.4 years) in a chronic critical illness who were undergoing rehabilitation after brain damage and who had certain limitations in the provision of nutritional support were evaluated. The duration of the patients' stay in the intensive care unit was from 21 to 30 days. During hospitalization, adverse events and conditions were recorded in these patients, limiting the conduct of enteral clinical nutrition. Results. Among the undesirable phenomena and conditions limiting enteral nutrition, diarrheal syndrome most often developed - in 41.7% of patients (associated with the use of antibiotics in 25.0% of the examined). The second group in terms of frequency - the development of surgical pathology (of various etiology) - in 31.7% of patients, which attracted special attention, taking into account the neurological and/or neurosurgical nature of the underlying disease. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/transferrins.html At the same time, the appearance of a high residual volume of the stomach against the background of an increase in hydrocephalus developed only in 5.0% of cases. More attention should be paid to patients who are in the most severe physical condition, since they have a high probability of the occurrence of several factors at once that limit the use of clinical nutrition - this category of the studied sample included 19.1% of patients. Conclusion. Strict adherence to the technology of enteral nutrition can increase the efficiency of enteral nutrition in patients in chronic critical condition.steady increase in the prevalence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders is closely related to overweight and obesity. Obesity is associated with a sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, sleep disturbance, which can lead to dysfunction of circadian rhythms with a decrease in the production of the hormone melatonin. The aim of the study is to clarify the most significant risk factors for carbohydrate metabolism disorders in obese patients from the standpoint of chronobiology. Material and methods. The retrospective study involved 120 patients with obesity (body mass index 31.35±3.80 kg/m2) with early disorders of carbohydrate metabolism (EDCM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and without disorders of carbohydrate metabolism (n=40 in each group). The age of the patients was 40-69 years, of which 75% were women and 25% were men. The patients' food diaries (for 24 hours) and Horne-Ostberg tests were analyzed. Fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, leptin, insulin were determined in the venous blood plasma; the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated, anthropometric indicators, basal body temperature (BT) were measured.