Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant disease of the myeloid line that caused by several chromosomal aberrations that include AML1 -ETO and MLL-AF9. In the current study, the correlations of fusion gene quantitative RT-PCR and hematological parameters in patients with AML were examined to determine their prognostic value in clinical practice. This study was conducted at Alzaeim Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan. A total of 82 patients with AML (51 AML1-ETO and 31 MLL-AF9) were participated in the study. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to determine types of fusion genes Results The expression of MLL-AF9 was significantly higher than that for AML1-ETO (P < 0.01). In addition, with respect to FAB classification M2/M3 types were dominated in patients with AML1-ETO gene fusion, whereas M4/M5 types were dominated in MLL-AF9 subjects (P < 0.01). Finally, neither AML1-ETO nor MLL-AF9 quantitative RT-PCR gene expressions were correlated with the examined hematological parameters including hemoglobin, total white blood count, platelets and blast cells (P > 0.05). Significant variations in AML1-ETO and MLL-AF9 expression were observed in AML. No correlations between the expression of fusion genes and hematological parameters were detected. Significant variations in AML1-ETO and MLL-AF9 expression were observed in AML. No correlations between the expression of fusion genes and hematological parameters were detected. Adjuvant radiotherapy is required for most post MRM breast cancer patients. Aim of treatment is to target radiation to region of interest while sparing Organs at Risk (OARs). Attempts are being made to decrease dose to OARs without compromising target coverage by evolving radiation techniques. In this study, a comparison of traditional 3DCRT plans is done with semi-automated complex VMAT plans for dose received by OARs namely Contralateral Breast (CLB), Ipsilateral lung (I/LL), and Contralateral Lung (C/LL). It was planned for 30 post MRM breast cancer patients for chest wall, ipsilateral axilla and supraclavicular lymph node. The PTV dose was 42.5 Gy in 16 fractions, 2.66 Gy/fraction, 5 days a week. For each patient traditional 3DCRT and semi-automated complex VMAT plans (conventional + tangential VMAT plans) were prepared and evaluated by radiation oncologists. Dose evaluation of CLB shows higher Dmax for 3DCRT plans, while, Dmean was lower for the 3DCRT plan. Difference between D2 was not significant. V2.5 was significantly less in 3DCRT, while, difference between V5 and V10 were not significant. For C/LL Dmean, V2.5, V5, and V10 were higher for the VMAT plan. For I/LL Dmean, V5 and V10 were higher, while V20 and V30 were lower for VMAT plans. The VMAT technique described here is a useful treatment option available for difficult planning situations. OARs stated above had a mixed result showing VMAT plans to be inferior at lower dose metrics, while, superior at higher dose metrics. The VMAT technique described here is a useful treatment option available for difficult planning situations. OARs stated above had a mixed result showing VMAT plans to be inferior at lower dose metrics, while, superior at higher dose metrics. This study aimed to evaluate the patients and health providers' (doctors and nurses) knowledge and understanding of the disease-related pain, and the perception of pain drugs (opioids) in South Lebanon. This was a pilot study conducted at different hospitals in South Lebanon among patients with confirmed cancer diagnosis and providers. Data was collected using patients' and providers' questionnaires. 43 patients and 42 providers were included. 22 (52%) patients were male. Nine (21%) patients were aware of their diagnosis and only 60% talked about their pain to their oncologist. Pain was not optimally controlled with 25 (58%) patients having uncontrolled pain and 18 (42%) patients having continuous pain. Morphine was negatively perceived with 55.8% of patients believing that morphine causes addiction and 59% taking pain medications only when the pain is maximal. This led to a 58% short duration control of intermittent pain. 60% of the providers were certain that cancer pain cannot be relieved by morphine while only 33% believed that morphine can cause complete relief. Addiction seemed to be the main obstacle for morphine use with 37 (89%) thinking that narcotics causes addiction and 51% considering morphine withdrawal if side effects appear. Finally, 30% suggested to discontinue morphine in the terminal stages of cancer. Major misconceptions in cancer patients are observed in the approach to antalgic treatment in our population. With good education, better knowledge and optimal palliative care units, misconceptions about opioids can be corrected with best management of cancer pain. Major misconceptions in cancer patients are observed in the approach to antalgic treatment in our population. With good education, better knowledge and optimal palliative care units, misconceptions about opioids can be corrected with best management of cancer pain. To define the histological types of primary lung cancer in Bahrain and to determine prevalence of EGFR and ALK mutation in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma. Data regarding Bahraini patients diagnosed with primary lung cancer between January 2013 and December 2018 were collected from the lab information system in Salmaniya medical complex, Manama, Bahrain. One hundred and forty-three Bahraini patients were diagnosed with lung cancer in the study period. 67.1% of the patients were male. The mean age at diagnosis was 68 years. The most common histological type was adenocarcinoma (58%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (19%). https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bgb-290.html EGFR mutation was found in 21.5% of non-small cell lung cancer cases with predominance of exon 19 deletions (29%) and exon 21 nucleic acid changes (21%). ALK mutation was found in 10.5% of EGFR negative patients. Adenocarcinoma is the most common primary lung cancer in Bahrain. Genetic mutations of EGFR and ALK genes were found in 21.5% and 10.5% of adenocarcinoma cases, respectively. Adenocarcinoma is the most common primary lung cancer in Bahrain. Genetic mutations of EGFR and ALK genes were found in 21.5% and 10.5% of adenocarcinoma cases, respectively.